Women's income and risk of intimate partner violence: secondary findings from the MAISHA cluster randomised trial in North-Western Tanzania
Women's income and risk of intimate partner violence: secondary findings from the MAISHA cluster randomised trial in North-Western Tanzania
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-019-7454-1
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发表时间：
2019-08-14
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Kapiga, Saidi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abramsky, Tanya;Lees, Shelley;Kapiga, Saidi
背景亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）在世界各地普遍存在，对妇女的健康产生了深远的影响。虽然妇女的“经济赋权”被吹捧为降低IPV的潜在手段，但关于不同经济因素在决定妇女风险方面的作用，证据是混合的。本文探讨了协会和妇女的收入和IPV的经验之间的潜在途径，在坦桑尼亚的姆万扎市。方法：我们使用的数据来自已婚/同居妇女（N = 740）参加MAISHA研究，IPV预防干预的一项群集随机试验。妇女在基线和29个月后接受了采访。我们使用逻辑回归模型的横截面（基线）和纵向之间的关联：一个女人的月收入（四分位数）和她过去一年的身体IPV，性IPV和经济虐待的风险;和一个女人的家庭的相对经济贡献（相同/低于合作伙伴;超过合作伙伴）和过去一年的身体IPV和性IPV。结果在基线时，96%的受访者报告有收入，28%的人比他们的伴侣对家庭的经济贡献更多。较高的收入与较低的过去一年的身体IPV风险在基线和纵向，和较低的性IPV在基线。收入和经济虐待之间没有明显的联系。较高的相对经济贡献与增加的物理IPV和性IPV在所有妇女在基线，虽然只有在控制妇女纵向。更高的收入与几个潜在的途径，以减少IPV，包括减少家庭困难，更少的争论，合作伙伴的无力提供家庭，改善关系的动态，并增加关系的解散。那些比伴侣贡献更多的人往往来自更弱势的家庭，更多地为伴侣无法提供而争吵，关系动态更差。结论虽然妇女的收入是保护IPV，妇女谁贡献更多的财政比他们的合作伙伴有更大的IPV风险。贫穷和因男子无力供养而产生的紧张局势成为这种关联的潜在重要驱动因素。增强妇女权能的干预措施不仅应扩大妇女获得经济资源和机会的渠道，而且还应与妇女和男子合作，解决男子的生计、男性性别角色和男性规范问题。
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is pervasive throughout the world, with profound consequences for women's health. While women's 'economic empowerment' is touted as a potential means to reduce IPV, evidence is mixed as to the role of different economic factors in determining women's risk. This paper explores associations and potential pathways between women's income and experience of IPV, in Mwanza city, Tanzania. Methods We use data from married/cohabiting women (N = 740) enrolled in the MAISHA study, a cluster randomised trial of an IPV prevention intervention. Women were interviewed at baseline and 29-months later. We use logistic regression to model cross-sectional (baseline) and longitudinal associations between: a woman's monthly income (quartiles) and her past year risk of physical IPV, sexual IPV and economic abuse; and a woman's relative financial contribution to the household (same/less than partner; more than partner) and past year physical IPV and sexual IPV. Results At baseline, 96% of respondents reported earning an income and 28% contributed more financially to the household than their partner did. Higher income was associated with lower past-year physical IPV risk at baseline and longitudinally, and lower sexual IPV at baseline only. No clear associations were seen between income and economic abuse. Higher relative financial contribution was associated with increased physical IPV and sexual IPV among all women at baseline, though only among control women longitudinally. Higher income was associated with several potential pathways to reduced IPV, including reduced household hardship, fewer arguments over the partner's inability to provide for the family, improved relationship dynamics, and increased relationship dissolution. Those contributing more than their partner tended to come from more disadvantaged households, argue more over their partner's inability to provide, and have worse relationship dynamics. Conclusions While women's income was protective against IPV, women who contributed more financially than their partners had greater IPV risk. Poverty and tensions over men's inability to provide emerge as potentially important drivers of this association. Interventions to empower women should not only broaden women's access to economic resources and opportunities, but also work with women and men to address men's livelihoods, male gender roles and masculinity norms.