The International Criminal Court and the Deterrence of Human Rights Atrocities
The International Criminal Court and the Deterrence of Human Rights Atrocities
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国际刑事法院与人权暴行的威慑
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
James Meernik
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作者：
James Meernik
关于人权条约的研究大多得出了令人沮丧的相似结论--这些条约及其产生的机构对人权的影响很小或根本没有影响。然而，国际刑事法院拥有调查和起诉违反国际法的行为的重大权力，这可能使其比以往的人权制度具有更大的影响力。然而，我认为，国际刑事法院对人权的影响取决于签署国政府对善政的承诺和接受国际刑事法院在处理违反国际法行为方面的作用。我开发了一个国际刑事法院批准和侵犯人权的两阶段模型，该模型表明，尽管许多国家已经批准了国际刑事法院条约，但并不是所有国家都致力于阻止其管辖下的罪行。相反，国家对人权的承诺首先取决于其对本国境内法治的承诺。其次，对人权的承诺取决于各国是否愿意授予国际刑事法院履行其使命所需的权力。通过一些统计检验，我发现这些关于各州人权和暴力倾向的假设得到了强有力的支持。
Research on human rights treaties has mostly reached depressingly similar conclusions – that such treaties and their resulting institutions have little or no impact on human rights. The International Criminal Court, however, possesses significant power to investigate and prosecute violations of international law that equip it with potentially more influence than previous human rights regimes. I suggest, however, that the impact of the ICC on human rights is conditioned by signatory governments’ commitment to good governance and acceptance of the role of the ICC in addressing violations of international law. I develop a two-stage model of ICC ratification and human rights abuse that shows that while many states have ratified the ICC Treaty, not all are committed to stopping the crimes under its jurisdiction. Rather, state commitment to human rights depends first on its commitment to the rule of law within its own borders. Second, commitment to human rights depends on states’ willingness to grant the ICC the powers necessary to carry out its mission. Through a number of statistical tests, I find strong support for these hypotheses on states’ human rights and propensity for violence.