Partial incompatibility between ants and symbiotic fungi in two sympatric species of Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants
Partial incompatibility between ants and symbiotic fungi in two sympatric species of Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01315.x
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Boomsma, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bot, ANM;Rehner, SA;Boomsma, JJ
我们调查的性质和持续时间的某些组合Acromyrmex切叶蚂蚁和共生真菌，从同域殖民地的相同或相关的物种之间的不相容性。蚂蚁真菌的不相容性似乎在很大程度上是独立的蚂蚁物种参与，但可以解释部分真菌品种之间的遗传差异。根据目前的理论考虑，我们发展了一个假设，最初提出的S。A.弗兰克，观察到的不相容性最终是由于竞争性的相互作用，基因不同的真菌谱系之间，我们预测，蚂蚁应该进化的机制，以防止在一个单一的花园品种之间的竞争。这就要求蚂蚁能够识别不熟悉的真菌，我们证明了事实确实如此。扩增片段长度多态性基因分型进一步表明，这两个同域Acromyrmex物种共享对方的主要血统的品种，确认水平转移偶尔发生。我们认为，并提供了一些证据，真菌花园产生的化学物质可能介导的蚂蚁识别外来真菌。我们表明，蚂蚁和移植的，遗传上不同的品种之间的不相容性确实是由于主动杀死的新品种的蚂蚁。这种不相容性消失时，蚂蚁强制喂食的新品种约一个星期，结果是一致的，与我们的假设识别诱导的居民真菌和最终更换的不相容化合物在强制喂食。
We investigate the nature and duration of incompatibility between certain combinations of Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants and symbiotic fungi, taken from sympatric colonies of the same or a related species. Ant-fungus incompatibility appeared to be largely independent of the ant species involved, but could be explained partly by genetic differences among the fungus cultivars. Following current theoretical considerations, we develop a hypothesis, originally proposed by S. A. Frank, that the observed incompatibilities are ultimately due to competitive interactions be, tween genetically different fungal lineages, and we predict that the ants should have evolved mechanisms to prevent such competition between cultivars within a single garden. This requires that the ants are able to recognize unfamiliar fungi, and we show that this is indeed the case. Amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping further shows that the two sympatric Acromyrmex species share each other's major lineages of cultivar, confirming that horizontal transfer does occasionally take place. We argue and provide some evidence that chemical substances produced by the fungus garden may mediate recognition of alien fungi by the ants. We show that incompatibility between ants and transplanted, genetically different cultivars is indeed due to active killing of the novel cultivar by the ants. This incompatibility disappears when ants are force-fed the novel cultivar for about a week, a result that is consistent with our hypothesis of recognition induced by the resident fungus and eventual replacement of incompatibility compounds during force-feeding.