The cosmic microwave background: the history of its experimental investigation and its significance for cosmology
The cosmic microwave background: the history of its experimental investigation and its significance for cosmology
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宇宙微波背景：其实验研究的历史及其对宇宙学的意义
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Durrer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Durrer
这篇综述描述了1965年宇宙微波背景（CMB）辐射的发现以及在随后50年里它对宇宙学的影响。这一发现确立了宇宙的大爆炸模型，对其涨落的分析证实了暴胀的观点，并引领我们进入了精确宇宙学的时代。我讨论了宇宙学微扰的演化以及它们作为温度涨落和偏振在宇宙微波背景上留下的印记。我还展示了暴胀膨胀阶段如何在时空曲率和原初引力波中产生涨落。此外，我介绍了从最早到最新的宇宙微波背景实验的发现。这些实验的准确性帮助我们以前所未有的精度估算宇宙学模型的参数，因此在未来我们不仅能够在宇宙学尺度上检验宇宙学模型，还能检验广义相对论本身。
This review describes the discovery of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in 1965 and its impact on cosmology in the 50 years that followed. This discovery established the big bang model of the Universe, and the analysis of its fluctuations has confirmed the idea of inflation and led to the present era of precision cosmology. I discuss the evolution of cosmological perturbations and their imprint on the CMB as temperature fluctuations and polarization. I also show how a phase of inflationary expansion generates fluctuations in the spacetime curvature and primordial gravitational waves. In addition I present the findings of CMB experiments, from the earliest to the most recent ones. The accuracy of these experiments has helped us to estimate the parameters of the cosmological model with unprecedented precision, so that in the future we shall be able to test not only cosmological models but general relativity itself on cosmological scales.