From patches to richness: assessing the potential impact of landscape transformation on biodiversity
From patches to richness: assessing the potential impact of landscape transformation on biodiversity
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DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.2004
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Buytaert, Wouter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnillas, Carlos Alberto;Tovar, Carolina;Buytaert, Wouter
自然的斑块性和人为的破碎化导致了生境的不连续分布。碎片化生境中斑块的空间结构如何影响生物多样性仍然存在很大争议。在此，我们提出了一个扩展物种-面积关系（SAR）方法的框架，以分析破碎化生境中栖息地配置变化对物种丰富度的影响。我们使用的假设群落的特征包括：(1)对人类活动的耐受性，(2)任何物种个体的扩散能力，(3)SAR,(4)斑块间的物种更替。此外，物种更替是（4a）物种生存的可预测性和（4b）物种再定居几率的函数。在我们的框架中，我们确定了三个极端社区，它们包含了所有潜在不同社区的丰富性，从而概括了现实社区的丰富性。我们提出了一个图表来可视化不同斑块大小对物种丰富度的影响，一个指数来量化这些变化，第二个图表使用该指数来可视化斑块之间的距离对物种丰富度的影响。在将我们的框架和工具应用于热带安第斯山脉之后，我们发现自然和人类驱动的破碎化对生物群落丰富度的影响存在很大差异。在预测气候变化情景下的未来丰富度值时，我们的丰富度计算中最大的不确定性来源（bbb90 %）是物种在斑块之间的更替和大多数生物群系的物种扩散，而不是未来气候或物种对人类活动的耐受性。生境丧失持续降低物种丰富度；然而，碎片化本身往往会增加这种风险。其增长主要与斑块间的物种周转率有关。我们的框架为研究区域丰富度的主要模式提供了新的理论工具，因此可以为面对人类活动引起的空间栖息地重构提供新的见解。
Natural patchiness and human fragmentation result in habitats that are not continuously distributed. How spatial configuration of patches in fragmented habitats influences biodiversity remains largely controversial. Here, we propose a framework to extend the species-area relationship (SAR) approach to analyze how changes in habitat configuration affect species richness in fragmented habitats. We use hypothetical communities that are characterized by (1) their tolerance to human activities, (2) the dispersal capability of the individuals of any species, (3) the SAR, and (4) the species turnover among patches. Further, the species turnover is a function of (4a) the predictability of species survival and (4b) the species recolonization odds. In our framework, we identify three extreme communities that encompass the richness of all potential different communities, and thus encapsulate the richness of real communities. We propose a graph to visualize the effect of different patch sizes on species richness, an index to quantify those changes, and a second graph using the index to visualize the effect of distance between patches on species richness. After applying our framework and tools to the Tropical Andes, we found strong differences in the impact of natural vs. human-driven fragmentation on richness between biomes. When projecting future richness values under climate change scenarios, the largest sources of uncertainty in our richness calculation (>90%) were species turnover among patches and species dispersal for most of the biomes rather than future climate or species tolerance to human activities. Habitat loss consistently decreased the species richness; however, fragmentation per se often increased it. The increment was mostly linked to the species turnover rate among patches. Our framework is a new theoretical tool to study the main patterns that underlie regional richness and therefore can provide new insights to face spatial habitat reconfiguration caused by human activities.