Memory in Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Memory in Autistic Spectrum Disorder
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026869
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Bigham, Sally
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boucher, Jill;Mayes, Andrew;Bigham, Sally
回顾和比较了高功能自闭症（HFA）和中度低功能自闭症（M-LFA）的记忆行为证据。M-LFA的发现很少。然而，我们暂时得出结论，HFA组和M-LFA组的记忆特征（相对于能力匹配的对照组）相似，但M-LFA组的陈述性记忆损伤比HFA组更广泛。具体来说，两组人对情绪或与人有关的刺激的记忆都有所减弱。对于非社会刺激的记忆，两组都可能具有与心理年龄相适应的非陈述性记忆，并且在陈述性记忆中，两组都具有与心理年龄相适应的对跨内或跨外不相关项目的即时自由回忆，以及提示回忆和配对联想学习。相比之下，HFA组的识别能力基本没有受损，而M-LFA组则有中度受损，HFA组对有意义或结构化刺激的自由回忆能力有中度受损，而M-LFA组受损更严重。对HFA中陈述性记忆数据的理论解释确定了复杂刺激的综合处理或巩固和存储问题或回忆的特定问题。提出的神经基础包括：主要感觉和联想区域的断开；内侧前额皮质、海马或后顶叶功能障碍；或者这些与神经断连有关的组合。假设，外周功能障碍可以解释M-LFA中更广泛的陈述性记忆障碍。概述了HFA和M-LFA记忆能力不均衡的可预见后果，包括对M-LFA语言和学习的可能影响。最后，确定了未来研究的重点，强调了对低功能个体记忆研究的迫切需要。
Behavioral evidence concerning memory in forms of high-functioning autism (HFA) and in moderately low-functioning autism (M-LFA) is reviewed and compared. Findings on M-LFA are sparse. However, it is provisionally concluded that memory profiles in HFA and M-LFA (relative to ability-matched controls) are similar but that declarative memory impairments are more extensive in M-LFA than in HFA. Specifically, both groups have diminished memory for emotion- or person-related stimuli. Regarding memory for nonsocial stimuli, both groups probably have mental-age-appropriate nondeclarative memory, and within declarative memory, both groups have mental-age-appropriate immediate free recall of within-span or supraspan lists of unrelated items, as well as cued recall and paired associate learning. By contrast, recognition is largely unimpaired in HFA but moderately impaired in M-LFA, and free recall of meaningful or structured stimuli is moderately impaired in HFA but more severely impaired in M-LFA. Theoretical explanations of data on declarative memory in HFA identify problems in the integrative processing, or the consolidation and storage, of complex stimuli or a specific problem of recollection. Proposed neural substrates include the following: disconnectivity of primary sensory and association areas; dysfunctions of medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, or posterior parietal lobe; or combinations of these associated with neural disconnectivity. Hypothetically, perirhinal dysfunction might explain the more extensive declarative memory impairments in M-LFA. Foreseeable consequences of uneven memory abilities in HFA and M-LFA are outlined, including possible effects on language and learning in M-LFA. Finally, priorities for future research are identified, highlighting the urgent need for research on memory in lower functioning individuals.