Autism and social movements: French parents' associations and international autistic individuals' organisations
Autism and social movements: French parents' associations and international autistic individuals' organisations
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.01053.x
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Chamak, Brigitte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chamak, Brigitte
本实证调查的目的是分析自闭症相关问题所带来的社会运动。有人认为，20世纪80年代后期自闭症类别的变化，以及美国教育和行为方法的发展，在许多国家引发了围绕自闭症定义变化和干预措施的大规模动员。本论文强调了法国父母协会动员和自闭症人士组织参与的历史动态。在过去的40年里，人们一直在研究法国父母协会的作用，以展示他们如何对法国公共政策的形成做出贡献，以及他们如何不顾法国专业人士的反对，支持美国的自闭症模式。在国际层面上，新生的自闭症患者协会引入了一些新角色，这些新角色有时会指责家长协会为他们说话。这些新的协会，如自助团体，存在政治认同问题。他们的成员不再希望被视为病人，而是希望被视为具有不同认知功能模式的个体。他们的行动可以在更广泛的残疾运动背景下进行分析。如果说残疾人运动是最新一代的社会运动，那么自闭症人士的行动就是最新一代的残疾人运动。
The aim of this empirical investigation is to analyse the social movements brought about by autism-related issues. It is suggested that both the autism-category changes in the late 1980s, and the development of educational and behavioural methods in the United States, have given rise to a large-scale mobilisation around the changes in the definition of autism and interventions in many countries. The present paper highlights the historical dynamics of the mobilisation of French parents' associations and the engagement of autistic persons' organisations. The role of the French parents' associations has been studied over the last 40 years to show how they have contributed to shaping public policy in France and how they have favoured the American model of autism despite the French professionals' resistance. At the international level, the newly-born associations of autistic individuals have introduced new actors who sometimes reproach the parents' associations for speaking on their behalf. These new associations, such as self-help groups, have a political identity problem. Their members no longer want to be considered as patients but as individuals with a different cognitive mode of functioning. Their actions can be analysed in the broader context of the disability movement. If the disability movement is considered as the latest generation of social movements, the action of autistic persons can be viewed as the latest generation of the disability movements.