External Human-Machine Interfaces on Automated Vehicles: Effects on Pedestrian Crossing Decisions
External Human-Machine Interfaces on Automated Vehicles: Effects on Pedestrian Crossing Decisions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0018720819836343
复制
发表时间：
2019-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Happee, Riender
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Clercq, Koen;Dietrich, Andre;Happee, Riender
目的：在这篇文章中，我们研究了外部人机界面（eHMI）对行人过街意图的影响。背景：文献表明，安全（即，不安全时不穿越）和效率（即，交叉时安全）的行人与自动驾驶汽车的互动可能会增加，如果自动驾驶汽车显示他们的意图通过eHMI.Methods：28名参与者经历了一个城市道路环境从行人的角度使用头戴式显示器。接近车辆的行为（屈服，非屈服），车辆尺寸（小型，中型，大型），eHMI类型（1。没有eHMI的基线，2.前刹车灯，3. 4.第四章微笑，5。text [WALK]）和eHMI定时（早期、中期、晚期）。对于屈服车辆，eHMI从非屈服状态变为屈服状态，对于非屈服车辆，eHMI保持在其非屈服状态。参与者不断表明他们是否觉得安全的交叉使用手持按钮，和“感觉安全”的百分比calculated.Results：对于产生车辆，感觉安全的百分比较高的前刹车灯，authorghtrider，笑脸，和文字，与基线相比。对于非屈服车辆，无论是否存在eHMI或eHMI类型，安全感百分比都是相等的，但较大的车辆产生较低的安全感百分比。文本eHMI似乎不需要学习，相反，其他三个eHMIs.Conclusion：一个eHMI提高了效率的车辆-AV的互动，和文本显示被认为是最不含糊的。应用：这项研究支持自动驾驶汽车的发展，与其他道路使用者进行沟通。
Objective: In this article, we investigated the effects of external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) on pedestrians' crossing intentions.Background: Literature suggests that the safety (i.e., not crossing when unsafe) and efficiency (i.e., crossing when safe) of pedestrians' interactions with automated vehicles could increase if automated vehicles display their intention via an eHMI.Methods: Twenty-eight participants experienced an urban road environment from a pedestrian's perspective using a head-mounted display. The behavior of approaching vehicles (yielding, nonyielding), vehicle size (small, medium, large), eHMI type (1. baseline without eHMI, 2. front brake lights, 3. Knightrider animation, 4. smiley, 5. text [WALK]), and eHMI timing (early, intermediate, late) were varied. For yielding vehicles, the eHMI changed from a nonyielding to a yielding state, and for nonyielding vehicles, the eHMI remained in its nonyielding state. Participants continuously indicated whether they felt safe to cross using a handheld button, and "feel-safe" percentages were calculated.Results: For yielding vehicles, the feel-safe percentages were higher for the front brake lights, Knightrider, smiley, and text, as compared with baseline. For nonyielding vehicles, the feel-safe percentages were equivalent regardless of the presence or type of eHMI, but larger vehicles yielded lower feel-safe percentages. The Text eHMI appeared to require no learning, contrary to the three other eHMIs.Conclusion: An eHMI increases the efficiency of pedestrian-AV interactions, and a textual display is regarded as the least ambiguous.Application: This research supports the development of automated vehicles that communicate with other road users.