Valley of the sun-drenched parking space: The growth, extent, and implications of parking infrastructure in Phoenix
Valley of the sun-drenched parking space: The growth, extent, and implications of parking infrastructure in Phoenix
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cities.2019.02.007
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
King, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoehne, Christopher G.;Chester, Mikhail, V;King, David A.
尽管有明确的证据表明，大量的停车位和低价的停车位会产生经济、环境和社会后果，但人们对城市中有多少停车基础设施知之甚少。尽管大多数城市对自己的停车供应知之甚少，但城市停车要求非常精确，并经常执行。为了进一步探讨这些问题，美国亚利桑那州凤凰城大都市的停车库存开发的交叉引用地理空间地籍和道路数据与最低停车要求。凤凰城之所以被选中，是因为它相对年轻，发展迅速，高度分散，依赖汽车。停车位的历史增长也是通过将房地产开发年份与所需的街道外和附近的街道停车位联系起来来估计的。截至2017年，我们估计大都市地区有1220万个停车位，404万居民，286万注册个人车辆和184万个工作岗位。凤凰城地铁的停车场增长也很显著;自1960年以来，该地区增加了1090万个停车位，而人口增长了341万，车辆增长了263万，就业增长了156万个工作岗位。自2008年经济衰退以来，凤凰城地铁的停车增长已显着放缓，但持续的城市增长加上实质性的最低停车要求可能会促进更多的停车基础设施超过需要。规划者和政策制定者应该重视量化城市地区停车场的增长和供应，并考虑改革停车标准，以促进城市的可持续发展。
There is little knowledge of how much parking infrastructure exists in cities despite clear evidence that abundant and underpriced parking has economic, environmental, and social consequences. Urban parking requirements are very precise and routinely enforced despite the fact that most cities have little to no knowledge about their own parking supply. To further explore these issues, a parking inventory for metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, USA is developed by cross-referencing geospatial cadastral and roadway data with minimum parking requirements. Metropolitan Phoenix is chosen because it is relatively young, rapidly growing, highly sprawled, and car dependent. Historical growth of parking is also estimated by linking year of property development to required off-street and nearby on-street parking spaces. As of 2017, we estimate that there were 12.2 million parking spaces in the metropolitan region with 4.04 million inhabitants, 2.86 million registered personal vehicles, and 1.84 million jobs. Growth of parking in metro Phoenix has also been significant; since 1960, 10.9 million spaces have been added to the region compared to a population growth of 3.41 million, vehicle fleet growth of 2.63 million, and employment growth of 1.56 million jobs. Since the 2008 recession, parking growth in metro Phoenix has significantly slowed, but continued urban growth combined with substantial minimum parking requirements may promote more parking infrastructure than is needed. Planners and policy makers should value quantifying the growth and supply of parking in urban areas and consider reforming parking standards to promote sustainable urban growth.