Molecular genetics and evolution of melanism in the cat family
Molecular genetics and evolution of melanism in the cat family
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DOI：
10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00128-3
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发表时间：
2003-03-04
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
O'Brien, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eizirik, E;Yuhki, N;O'Brien, SJ
在37个猫科动物物种中，有11个物种的黑色皮毛着色是一种常见的多态现象，在某些情况下达到较高的群体频率，但从未达到完全固定[1-3]。要调查的遗传基础，适应性的意义，在猫科动物的黑化变体的进化历史，我们映射，克隆和测序的猫同系物的两个假定的候选基因黑化（ASIP [agglutinase]和MC 1 R），并确定了三个独立的缺失与黑暗的着色在三个不同的猫科动物物种。关联和传输分析表明，ASIP基因中的2个碱基的缺失指定家猫的黑色着色，和两个不同的“框内”缺失的MC 1 R基因中有牵连的黑化在美洲虎和美洲虎。来自其他五个猫科动物物种的黑化个体没有携带任何这些突变，这意味着在猫科动物中至少有四个独立的黑化遗传起源。推断的多个起源和独立的历史海拔在人口频率的猫科动物黑化突变表明发生适应性进化的这种可见的表型在一组相关的自由放养的物种。
Melanistic coat coloration occurs as a common polymorphism in 11 of 37 felid species and reaches high population frequency in some cases but never achieves complete fixation [1-3]. To investigate the genetic basis, adaptive significance, and evolutionary history of melanistic variants in the Felidae, we mapped, cloned, and sequenced the cat homologs of two putative candidate genes for melanism (ASIP [agouti] and MC1R) and identified three independent deletions associated with dark coloration in three different felid species. Association and transmission analyses revealed that a 2 bp deletion in the ASIP gene specifies black coloration in domestic cats, and two different "in-frame" deletions in the MC1R gene are implicated in melanism in jaguars and jaguarundis. Melanistic individuals from five other felid species did not carry any of these mutations, implying that there are at least four independent genetic origins for melanism in the cat family. The inferred multiple origins and independent historical elevation in population frequency of felid melanistic mutations suggest the occurrence of adaptive evolution of this visible phenotype in a group of related free-ranging species.