Racial/ethnic differences in cortisol diurnal rhythms in a community sample of adolescents
Racial/ethnic differences in cortisol diurnal rhythms in a community sample of adolescents
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.03.006
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Craske, Michelle G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DeSantis, Amy S.;Adam, Emma K.;Craske, Michelle G.
目的：为了确定健康结果中种族差异的潜在生理途径，本研究使用从255名青少年的社区样本中收集的皮质醇数据来检查在自然环境中清醒的一天中皮质醇斜率和水平是否存在种族/民族差异。方法：这项研究使用唾液皮质醇数据（在3天内每天采样5次）以检查昼夜皮质醇节律的种族/民族差异，同时共变重度抑郁症和慢性及偶发性生活压力的存在（通过结构化访谈评估），瞬间负面情绪（在日记中报告皮质醇样本），社会经济状况，睡眠和健康变量（通过问卷调查评估）以前发现与皮质醇水平相关。研究发现，非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔年轻人在清醒的一天里，皮质醇的斜率比白人年轻人要平缓。这种差异是由于西班牙裔美国人睡前皮质醇水平较高，而非洲裔美国人的唤醒时间较短，睡前皮质醇水平较高。虽然更高水平的负面情绪与平坦的昼夜节律，社会环境因素的研究未能解释所观察到的种族/民族差异昼夜皮质醇rhythm.Conclusions：显着平坦的昼夜皮质醇斜率被发现在非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔青少年，一种模式，已与负面的健康后果。需要进一步的研究来检查这些差异出现的早些时候，并确定它们的发展起源。虽然基因的贡献是可能的，更大的产前压力暴露，低出生体重，不良的童年早期经历，种族主义或歧视的经验，以及慢性压力的终身历史都是合理的心理社会假设追求。(c)2007年，为青少年医学。All rights reserved.
Purpose: To identify potential physiological pathways to racial disparities in health outcomes, this study uses cortisol data collected from a community sample of 255 adolescents to examine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in cortisol slopes and levels across the waking day in naturalistic settings.Methods: This study uses salivary cortisol data (sampled five times per day over 3 days) to examine racial/ethnic differences in diurnal cortisol rhythms, while covarying the presence of major depressive disorder and chronic and episodic life stress (assessed by structured interviews), momentary negative emotion (reported in diaries completed with cortisol samples), and socioeconomic status, sleep, and health variables (assessed by questionnaire) previously found to be associated with cortisol levels.Results: African-American and Hispanic youth were found to have flatter cortisol slopes across the waking day than their Caucasian counterparts. Differences are due to higher bedtime cortisol levels among Hispanics and to both lower wakeup and higher bedtime levels among African-Americans. Although higher levels of negative emotion were associated with flatter diurnal rhythms, the socioenvironmental factors examined failed to explain the observed racial/ethnic differences in diurnal cortisol rhythms.Conclusions: Significantly flatter diurnal cortisol slopes were found among African American and Hispanic adolescents, a pattern which has been related to negative health consequences. Further research is needed to examine how early these differences emerge and to identify their developmental origins. Although genetic contributions are possible, greater prenatal stress exposure, low birth weight, adverse early childhood experiences, experiences with racism or discrimination, and lifetime history of chronic stress are all reasonable psychosocial hypotheses to pursue. (c) 2007 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.