Methods for spatial and temporal land use and land cover assessment for urban ecosystems and application in the greater Baltimore-Chesapeake region
Methods for spatial and temporal land use and land cover assessment for urban ecosystems and application in the greater Baltimore-Chesapeake region
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1018583729727
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发表时间：
1997-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
T. Foresman;S. Pickett;W. Zipperer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Foresman;S. Pickett;W. Zipperer
理解当代城市景观需要多组空间和时间上兼容的数据，这些数据可以将历史的土地利用模式和干扰与土地覆盖结合起来。本文介绍了三种主要的方法：(1)核心分析；(2)历史制图；(3)梯度分析，将城市生态系统的时空数据联系起来，并将其应用于巴尔的摩-切萨皮克地区。来自沉积岩芯年代学的古生态证据提供了关于植被覆盖的长期和近期变化的数据。这些信息与当代植被图相结合，为进行趋势分析以评估景观的城市化提供了基线。根据历史地图、人口普查数据和遥感数据创建的200年历史土地利用数据库为调查人类对该地区的影响提供了一个空间框架。地理信息系统将核心分析与土地利用变化的历史数据结合起来，以产生一个全面的土地利用和土地复盖框架和变化率。这些数据资源为研究城市生态系统的生态成分奠定了区域基础。城乡梯度分析和斑块分析被认为是研究城市生态系统的最合适的方法，因为它们将不同程度城市化的生态和社会模式和过程联系起来。
Understanding contemporary urban landscapes requires multiple sets of spatially and temporally compatible data that can integrate historical land use patterns and disturbances to land cover. This paper presents three principal methods: (1) core analysis; (2) historic mapping; and (3) gradient analysis, to link spatial and temporal data for urban ecosystems and applies their use in the Baltimore-Chesapeake region. Paleoecological evidence derived from the geochronology of sediment cores provides data on long-term as well as recent changes in vegetative land cover. This information, combined with contemporary vegetation maps, provides a baseline for conducting trend analyses to evaluate urbanization of the landscape. A 200-year historical land use database created from historical maps, census data, and remotely sensed data provides a spatial framework for investigating human impacts on the region. A geographic information system (GIS) integrates core analyses with historic data on land use change to yield a comprehensive land use and land cover framework and rates of change. These data resources establish the regional foundation for investigating the ecological components of an urban ecosystem. Urban-rural gradient analyses and patch analyses are proposed as the most appropriate methods for studying the urban ecosystem as they link ecological and social patterns and processes for varying degrees of urbanization.