Measuring exposure levels of inhalable airborne particles (PM2.5) in two socially deprived areas of Nairobi, Kenya
Measuring exposure levels of inhalable airborne particles (PM2.5) in two socially deprived areas of Nairobi, Kenya
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.018
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Rocklov, Joacim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Egondi, Thaddaeus;Muindi, Kanyiva;Rocklov, Joacim
环境空气污染是一个日益严重的全球健康问题，与全球快速城市化密切相关。室外空气污染对健康的影响相当于全世界死亡和疾病的沉重负担。然而，许多中低收入国家缺乏系统收集空气污染和健康数据的工作，仍然是当地环境流行病学研究的一个挑战。方法：2013年2月至2013年10月，在肯尼亚首都内罗毕市的两个城市非正规住区进行PM2. 5的实时监测。测量是使用DustTrak II 8532手持式采样器在地面以上约1.5米的高度进行的，分辨率为1分钟。采样从清晨到晚上进行，根据一个固定的测量路线内的地区，包括固定的地理checks.Results：研究期间的PM2.5的平均浓度为166 μ g/m（3）在科罗戈乔地区和67 μ g/m（3）在维万达尼地区。这两个地区的PM2.5水平在早上和晚上达到双峰日峰值。上午浓度的平均峰值在Korogocho为214 μ g/m3，晚上为164 μ g/m3，Viwandani分别为76 μ g/m3和82 μ g/m3。在科罗戈乔和维万达尼，每天中午的平均最低值分别为146 μ g/m3和59 μ g/m3。结论：结果表明，根据世界卫生组织的指导方针，这两个贫民窟的居民持续暴露于超过危险水平的PM2.5水平。该研究表明，两个相距仅7公里的贫民窟地区之间存在明显差异，表明当地情况和来源对接触PM2.5非常重要。(C)2016由Elsevier Inc.出版
Introduction: Ambient air pollution is a growing global health concern tightly connected to the rapid global urbanization. Health impacts from outdoor air pollution exposure amounts to high burdens of deaths and disease worldwide. However, the lack of systematic collection of air pollution and health data in many low-and middle-income countries remains a challenge for epidemiological studies in the local environment. This study aimed to provide a description of the particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration in the poorest urban residential areas of Nairobi, Kenya.Methods: Real-time measurements of (PM2.5) were conducted in two urban informal settlements of Nairobi City, Kenya"s Capital, from February 2013 to October 2013. The measurements were conducted using DustTrak II 8532 hand-held samplers at a height of about 1.5 m above ground level with a resolution of 1-min logging. Sampling took place from early morning to evenings according to a fixed route of measurement within areas including fixed geographical checkpoints.Results: The study period average concentration of PM2.5 was 166 mu g/m(3) in the Korogocho area and 67 mu g/m(3) in the Viwandani area. The PM2.5 levels in both areas reached bimodal daily peaks in the morning and evening. The average peak value of morning concentration in Korogocho was 214 mu g/m(3), and 164 mu g/m(3) in the evening and in Viwandani was 76 mu g/m(3) and 82 mu g/m(3) respectively. The daily midday average low observed during was 146 mu g/m(3) in Korogocho and 59 mu g/m(3) in Viwandani.Conclusion: The results show that residents in both slums are continuously exposed to PM2.5 levels exceeding hazardous levels according to World Health Organization guidelines. The study showed a marked disparity between the two slum areas situated only 7 km apart indicating the local situation and sources to be very important for exposure to PM2.5. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc.