Eco-evolutionary buffering: rapid evolution facilitates regional species coexistence despite local priority effects
Eco-evolutionary buffering: rapid evolution facilitates regional species coexistence despite local priority effects
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DOI：
10.1086/697187
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Meike J. Wittmann;T. Fukami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Meike J. Wittmann;T. Fukami
抑制优先效应，即早期到达的物种将竞争物种排除在当地群落之外，被认为通过群落分化增强了区域物种多样性。然而，理论表明，这些相同的优先效应使得物种很难在该地区共存，除非个体不断从外部物种库中获得供应，这通常是一个不切实际的假设。在这里，我们提出了一个生态进化假说来解决这个难题。我们建立了一个元群落模型，其中局部优先效应通过种间干扰在两个物种之间发生。在每个物种中都有两种基因型：一种比另一种更能抵抗种间干扰，但要为此付出适应性代价。由于这种权衡，当物种在区域内变得更常见时，它们的抵抗力就会降低。然后，稀有物种可以入侵一些局部斑块，从而以区域频率恢复。这种“生态进化缓冲”使物种能够在区域共存，尽管存在局部优先效应，即使没有外部物种库的移民。我们的模型预测，当当地社区规模较小且通过不频繁的分散而相互联系时，生态进化缓冲尤为有效。
Inhibitory priority effects, in which early-arriving species exclude competing species from local communities, are thought to enhance regional species diversity via community divergence. Theory suggests, however, that these same priority effects make it difficult for species to coexist in the region unless individuals are continuously supplied from an external species pool, often an unrealistic assumption. Here we develop an eco-evolutionary hypothesis to solve this conundrum. We build a metacommunity model in which local priority effects occur between two species via interspecific interference. Within each species there are two genotypes: one is more resistant to interspecific interference than the other, but pays a fitness cost for its resistance. Because of this trade-off, species evolve to become less resistant as they become regionally more common. Rare species can then invade some local patches and consequently recover in regional frequency. This “eco-evolutionary buffering” enables the regional coexistence of species despite local priority effects, even in the absence of immigration from an external species pool. Our model predicts that eco-evolutionary buffering is particularly effective when local communities are small and connected by infrequent dispersal.