A unified morphological scenario for the evolution of haemolymph pressure generation in spiders (Araneae: Arachnida)
A unified morphological scenario for the evolution of haemolymph pressure generation in spiders (Araneae: Arachnida)
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DOI：
10.1093/zoolinnean/zly058
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发表时间：
2019-05
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Jens Runge;C. S. Wirkner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jens Runge;C. S. Wirkner
蜘蛛运动系统的某些部分是由液压驱动的。它的影响在腿部最显著，主要关节因血淋巴压力的增加而伸展。尽管有许多研究，但目前仍不清楚蜘蛛的血淋巴压力泵是由哪些肌肉组成的。此外，到目前为止发表的假说要么不适用于所有蜘蛛，要么在功能上有问题。蜘蛛目中这种中枢机制的进化从来没有被恰当地尝试过，而且由于现有文献很难比较的事实，以及现有的少数研究只研究蜘蛛的一个系统发育不完整的子集，这一点受到了阻碍。因此，本论文的目的是：(1)在详细的显微断层扫描的基础上，提出肌肉和角质层系统的形式化的形态描述；(2)发展和讨论蜘蛛血淋巴压力泵的统一的形态描述，能够解释所有现有的证据，而不是矛盾的。我们试图通过将文献构成的拼图碎片与我们对沿着蜘蛛系统发育的“脊梁”采样的13个物种的结果相结合来实现这一点。我们认为，蜘蛛体内发生了一种功能转移，从腹侧的胚柄肌肉转移到外部肌肉的特定部分。这种转变是由于在蜘蛛目中进化出的胸骨和髋关节之间的关节结构发生了变化。
Certain parts of the spider locomotor system are powered by hydraulic pressure. Its influence is most significant in the legs, where the main joints are extended by an increase in haemolymph pressure. Although a number of studies exist, it is still unclear which muscles make up the haemolymph pressure pump in spiders. Furthermore, the hypotheses published so far either do not apply to all spiders or are functionally questionable. Unravelling the evolution of this central mechanism within Araneae has never been properly attempted and is hampered by the fact that existing literature is difficult to compare, and the few studies that exist investigate only a phylogenetically incomplete subset of spiders. The aims of the present paper are, therefore: (1) to present formalized morphological descriptions of the muscular and cuticular system on the basis of detailed microtomographic scans supported by detailed interactive three-dimensional models of > 40 pairs of muscles of the prosomal locomotor system; and (2) to develop and discuss a unified morphological scenario for the evolution of the spider haemolymph pressure pump that is capable of explaining all the existing evidence without contradiction. We attempt to achieve this by combining the puzzle pieces constituted by the literature with the results we obtained for 13 species sampled along the ‘backbone’ of spider phylogeny. We argue that a functional shift took place within spiders from ventral suspensor muscles to a particular section of the extrinsic musculature. This shift was made possible by structural changes in the joints between the sternum and the coxae that evolved within Araneae.