A review of techniques for visualising soft tissue microstructure deformation and quantifying strain Ex Vivo
A review of techniques for visualising soft tissue microstructure deformation and quantifying strain Ex Vivo
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DOI：
10.1111/jmi.12701
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Bay, B. K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Disney, C. M.;Lee, P. D.;Bay, B. K.
许多生物组织具有复杂的层次结构，允许它们在苛刻的生理负荷条件下发挥功能。由衰老或疾病引起的结构变化可导致机械功能丧失。因此，有必要研究组织结构以了解正常组织功能和疾病进展。理想情况下，完整的天然组织应在3D和生理负载条件下成像。目前发表的原位成像方法证明了成像限制和保持样品天然机械功能之间的折衷。本文综述了用于可视化软组织微结构变形的原位成像技术，包括不同组织（肌腱，椎间盘和动脉）的三个案例研究。一些成像技术限制了对观察力学或侵入性标记物的离散应变测量的分析。利用数字图像相关技术实现了局部表面应变的全场测量。体积应变场已成功地量化从原位X射线显微断层扫描（micro-CT）研究骨使用数字体积相关，但不是在软组织由于低X射线透射对比度。随着micro-CT的最新发展，显示出在线相位对比能力，以解决天然软组织微观结构，有可能为未来的软组织力学研究，三维局部应变可以量化。这些方法将提供有关健康、老化和患病组织中细胞所经历的局部3D微机械环境的信息。希望原位成像技术的未来应用将对潜在组织替代或再生疗法的设计和测试产生积极影响。
Many biological tissues have a complex hierarchical structure allowing them to function under demanding physiological loading conditions. Structural changes caused by ageing or disease can lead to loss of mechanical function. Therefore, it is necessary to characterise tissue structure to understand normal tissue function and the progression of disease. Ideally intact native tissues should be imaged in 3D and under physiological loading conditions. The current published in situ imaging methodologies demonstrate a compromise between imaging limitations and maintaining the samples native mechanical function. This review gives an overview of in situ imaging techniques used to visualise microstructural deformation of soft tissue, including three case studies of different tissues (tendon, intervertebral disc and artery). Some of the imaging techniques restricted analysis to observational mechanics or discrete strain measurement from invasive markers. Full-field local surface strain measurement has been achieved using digital image correlation. Volumetric strain fields have successfully been quantified from in situ X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) studies of bone using digital volume correlation but not in soft tissue due to low X-ray transmission contrast. With the latest developments in micro-CT showing in-line phase contrast capability to resolve native soft tissue microstructure, there is potential for future soft tissue mechanics research where 3D local strain can be quantified. These methods will provide information on the local 3D micromechanical environment experienced by cells in healthy, aged and diseased tissues. It is hoped that future applications of in situ imaging techniques will impact positively on the design and testing of potential tissue replacements or regenerative therapies.