Pyrazine analogues from wolf urine induced unlearned fear in rats.
Pyrazine analogues from wolf urine induced unlearned fear in rats.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00391
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发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Osada K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kashiwayanagi M;Miyazono S;Osada K
普通灰狼（Canis lupus）的尿液中含有利它素（kairomone），可诱导各种哺乳动物产生与恐惧相关的行为。许多恐惧诱导物质激活主嗅球和/或副嗅球（AOB）、内侧杏仁核和中央杏仁核以及下丘脑的神经元。我们先前的研究表明，狼尿中含有的吡嗪类似物的混合物（P-mix）诱导了实验室小鼠和日本本土物种北海道鹿（Cervus nippon yesoensis）的回避和恐惧相关行为。暴露于狼尿或P-混合物诱导表达Fos，神经元兴奋的标志物，在小鼠AOB。在本研究中，我们探讨了P-混合物对大鼠恐惧相关行为和Fos表达的影响。暴露于P-混合物诱导大鼠回避和固定，而乙酸异戊酯，芳樟醇和R（+）-柠檬烯的混合物（O-混合物），产生花香和果香，诱导回避，但不固定。P-混合物，而不是O-混合物增加Fos的AOB，内侧和中央杏仁核，和下丘脑的大鼠的免疫反应。目前的研究结果表明，P-混合气味诱导大鼠的非学习性恐惧相关的行为。
Urine excreted from the common grey wolf (Canis lupus) contains a kairomone, inducing fear-related behaviors in various mammals. Numerous fear-inducing substances activate neurons at the main and/or accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), medial and central amygdala, and hypothalamus. Our previous study showed that the mixture of pyrazine analogues (P-mix) contained in wolf urine induced avoidance and fear-related behaviors in laboratory mice and Hokkaido deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis), a species native to Japan. Exposure to wolf urine or P-mix induced expression of Fos, a marker of neuronal excitation, in the AOB of mice. In the present study, we explored the effects of P-mix on fear-related behaviors and Fos-expression in rats. Exposure to P-mix induced avoidance and immobilization in rats, while that to a mixture of i-amyl acetate, linalool and R(+)-limonene (O-mix), which generate floral and fruity odors, induced avoidance but not immobilization. P-mix but not O-mix increased Fos-immunoreactivity of the AOB, medial and central amygdala, and hypothalamus of rats. The present results suggest that P-mix odor induces unlearned fear-related behaviors in rats.