Hemispheric asymmetry of calbindin-positive neurons is associated with successful song imitation.
Hemispheric asymmetry of calbindin-positive neurons is associated with successful song imitation.
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钙结合蛋白阳性神经元的半球不对称性与成功的歌曲模仿有关。
DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146679
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Gobes,SharonMH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pagliaro,AlexaH;Arya,Payal;Sharbaf,Yasmin;Gobes,SharonMH
在发育的关键（敏感）时期促进学习的可塑性是由抑制性神经元严格调节的。鸟类的鸣叫习得是发生在发育早期敏感时期的学习过程的一个例子。在这个敏感时期，与歌曲“导师”的感官体验会减少歌曲产生核HVC（专有名词）中的兴奋性和抑制性突触。当γ -氨基丁酸（GABA）信号被阻断时，次级听觉区域尾侧神经细胞（NCM）的神经元失去了对导师歌曲的选择性。考虑到抑制在歌曲学习过程中的重要性，我们研究了学习结果的个体差异是否可以用HVC和NCM中特定群体（主要是）抑制神经元的分布来解释。我们测量了这两个区域中不同神经元群的密度（通过钙结合蛋白calbindin、calretinin和parvalbumin的表达来定义）。我们发现calbinin阳性神经元的侧化与成功的歌曲学习有关：优秀学习者的特征是内侧NCM中calbinin阳性神经元的半球不对称（左半球CB+神经元较少），而较差的学习者没有表现出任何不对称。相比之下，HVC中所有三个神经元群的密度在优秀学习者和糟糕学习者之间没有差异。这些发现不仅确定了一种特定的（可能的）抑制细胞类型（表达calbinin的神经元）与歌曲学习有关，而且还强调了半球不对称在听觉记忆形成中的作用。
The plasticity that facilitates learning during critical (sensitive) periods in development is tightly regulated by inhibitory neurons. Song acquisition in birds is one example of a learning process that occurs during a sensitive period early in development. Sensory experience with a song ‘tutor’ during this sensitive period prunes excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the song production nucleus HVC (proper noun). Neurons in the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), a secondary auditory region, lose their tutor song selectivity when gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling is blocked. Given the importance of inhibition in the song learning process, we investigated whether individual differences in learning outcomes can be explained by the distribution of specific populations of (mostly) inhibitory neurons in HVC and NCM. We measured the densities of distinct neuronal populations (defined by their expression of the calcium-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin) in these two regions. We found that lateralization of calbindin-positive neurons was related to successful song learning: good learners were characterized by hemispheric asymmetry of calbindin-positive neurons in the medial NCM (fewer CB+ neurons in the left hemisphere), whereas poor learners did not show any asymmetry. In contrast, the density of all three neuronal populations in HVC did not differ between good and poor learners. These findings not only identify a specific (presumably) inhibitory cell type (calbindin-expressing neurons) that is related to song learning, but also emphasize the role of hemispheric asymmetry in auditory memory formation.