Immunology of viral infections.
Immunology of viral infections.
复制标题
病毒感染的免疫学。
DOI：
10.1097/00004397-198502520-00013
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Oh,JO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oh,JO
在初次感染和病毒再感染中，宿主防御的主要任务是防止感染的建立，或者如果感染已经建立，则干扰病毒增殖，限制感染的传播，并最终消除病毒。为了实现这一点，非特异性和特异性免疫机制的许多组成部分必须发挥作用。尽管特异性免疫应答的要素之间存在相当大的相互作用，但对体液和细胞介导的成分进行主要区分是方便的。免疫系统的不同组成部分对抗病毒免疫应答的贡献程度取决于病毒繁殖的方式以及病毒感染后宿主细胞表面发生的情况。一般而言，体液免疫在无包膜病毒感染中起主要作用，而细胞介导的免疫与体液免疫结合是包膜病毒感染中的主要防御机制（表1）。
In primary infection and in reinfection with viruses, the princi-pal tasks of host defenses are to prevent the establishment of infection or, if infection has already been established, to interfere with virus multiplication, limit the spread of infection, and finally elimi-natc the virus. To achieve this, many components of nonspecific and specific immunological mechanisms have to be in operation. Although there is considerable interaction between the elements of the specific immune response, it is convenient to make a major distinction between humoral and cell-mediated components. The degree to which different components of the immune system contribute to the antiviral immune response is determined by the way in which the virus multiplies and what happens at the host cell surface following the infection by virus. In general, humoral immunity plays a major role in the infection with nonenveloped viruses, whereas cell-mediated immunity combined with humoral immunity is the major defense mechanism in the infections with enveloped viruses (Table 1).