What Invasive Species Reveal about the Rate and Form of Contemporary Phenotypic Change in Nature
What Invasive Species Reveal about the Rate and Form of Contemporary Phenotypic Change in Nature
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入侵物种揭示了当代自然界表型变化的速率和形式
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Peter A. H. Westley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peter A. H. Westley
生物入侵是洞察基本进化问题的机会，因为生殖隔离和选择压力的突然变化可能会导致快速的进化变化。在这里，我通过扩展一个包含90个动植物物种的5500多个表型变化率的数据库，研究入侵物种在揭示野生种群当代表型变化的速度和形式方面所起的作用。入侵物种经常被用作模式生物，因此对表型变化的可获得率的贡献不成比例。然而，这些比率的优势是对少数物种进行广泛研究的结果。我发现了混合的证据来支持这样的假设，即表型变化与时间相关，取决于所选择的指标(即达尔文或霍尔丹)。来自入侵物种和本地物种的见解为突然的表型变化提供了证据，并表明环境在推动野生种群特征变化方面发挥着潜在的重要作用，尽管环境对观察到的轨迹的影响尚不清楚。因此，未来的工作应该继续寻求对表型变异如何使种群适应快速变化的全球环境的机制基础--包括遗传和环境--的理解。
Biological invasions are opportunities to gain insight into fundamental evolutionary questions, because reproductive isolation and sudden alterations in selection pressures are likely to lead to rapid evolutionary change. Here I investigate the role played by invasive species in revealing the rate and form of contemporary phenotypic change in wild populations by expanding a database of more than 5,500 rates of phenotypic change from 90 species of plants and animals. Invasive species are frequently used as model organisms and thus contribute disproportionately to available rates of phenotypic change. However, the preponderance of these rates is the consequence of extensive study in a small number of species. I found mixed evidence to support the hypothesis that phenotypic change is associated with time depending on the metric of choice (i.e., darwins or haldanes). Insights from both invasive and native species provide evidence for abrupt phenotypic change and suggest that the environment plays a potentially important role in driving trait change in wild populations, although the environmental influence on the observed trajectories remains unclear. Thus, future work should continue to seek an understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings—both genetic and environmental—of how phenotypic variation allows populations to adapt to rapidly changing global environments.