Stability and change in US city policymaking: evidence and a path forward
Stability and change in US city policymaking: evidence and a path forward
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美国城市决策的稳定性和变化：证据和前进道路
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
Y. Park
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文献类型：
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作者：
Joshua Sapotichne;Megan Johnson;Y. Park
城市政治分析的一个中心问题是城市管理机构如何优先考虑和应对不断变化的政策和服务需求。在本文中，我们通过两个政策过程框架：渐进主义和间断均衡来研究美国城市政府的这些动态。利用2005年至2011年密歇根州278个城市的面板数据，实证分析主要发现了间断过程的证据，尽管不同城市政府和不同问题领域的间断程度存在系统性差异。相当大的稳定性是美国城市政策制定的一个核心特征；但政策重点也发生了迅速而极端的变化——尤其是在美国市政府“基本维护”职能之外的领域，如社区发展、社会福利、娱乐和文化。最后，本研究对城市政策制定的增量模型提出了挑战，同时为国家和地方政府间断平衡的文献增加了广度。
A central issue in urban political analysis is the way in which city-governing institutions prioritize and react to changing demands for policies and services. In this article, we examine these dynamics in American city governments through the lens of two policy process frameworks: incrementalism and punctuated equilibrium. Using panel data from all 278 Michigan cities from 2005 to 2011, the empirical analysis mostly finds evidence of punctuated processes, though the degree of punctuatedness varies systematically across city governments and by issues domain. Considerable stability is a central feature of US city policymaking; but so too are rapid and extreme changes in policy priorities – particularly in domains outside the ‘basic maintenance’ functions of American city governments, such as community development, social welfare, and recreation and culture. Ultimately, this research challenges incremental models of city policymaking, while adding breadth to the growing literature on punctuated equilibrium in national and subnational governments.