Sex and Age Effects on Neurobehavioral Toxicity Induced by Binge Alcohol.
Sex and Age Effects on Neurobehavioral Toxicity Induced by Binge Alcohol.
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DOI：
10.3233/bpl-190094
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发表时间：
2020-12-29
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Leasure JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cortez I;Rodgers SP;Kosten TA;Leasure JL
从历史上看，大多数酒精神经毒性研究都是在年轻成年男性中进行的，重点是长期摄入。研究酒精对青少年大脑的影响已经发生了转变，因为在这个形成期饮酒会破坏大脑的发育轨迹。由于青少年酒精摄入的最典型模式是重度间歇性（狂欢）饮酒，因此也转向了对狂欢酒精诱导的神经行为毒性的研究。因此，很明显，酗酒会损害青少年的大脑，而且越来越多的人关注性别依赖的影响。然而，在我们对酗酒对女性大脑影响的理解方面，仍然存在重大的知识差距。此外，令人不安的是，人口水平的研究表明，美国女性，特别是老年女性中酗酒的流行率正在增加。尽管对青少年的研究表明，酗酒会破坏大脑的成熟过程，但我们对酗酒如何影响衰老的大脑几乎一无所知，因为关于酗酒对衰老大脑影响的研究相对较少，而对性别依赖影响的研究才刚刚开始。鉴于美国老年人口的迅速增长，研究酗酒的年龄依赖性影响至关重要，并且鉴于老年女性的酗酒增加，相对于男性，老年女性的认知能力下降风险更高，研究必须包括两性。因为青春期和老年都具有年龄典型的大脑变化，而且因为酗酒是这两个年龄组中最常见的酒精摄入模式，我们积累的关于酗酒对青少年大脑影响的知识可以为我们的研究提供信息。因此，在这次审查中，我们涵盖了目前的知识状态的性别和年龄依赖性的影响，酗酒，以及统计和方法的考虑，旨在解决这些问题的研究。
Historically, most alcohol neurotoxicity studies were conducted in young adult males and focused on chronic intake. There has been a shift towards studying the effects of alcohol on the adolescent brain, due to alcohol consumption during this formative period disrupting the brain’s developmental trajectory. Because the most typical pattern of adolescent alcohol intake is heavy episodic (binge) drinking, there has also been a shift towards the study of binge alcohol-induced neurobehavioral toxicity. It has thus become apparent that binge alcohol damages the adolescent brain and there is increasing attention to sex-dependent effects. Significant knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the effects of binge alcohol on the female brain, however. Moreover, it is unsettling that population-level studies indicate that the prevalence of binge drinking is increasing among American women, particularly those in older age groups. Although study of adolescents has made it apparent that binge alcohol disrupts ongoing brain maturational processes, we know almost nothing about how it impacts the aging brain, as studies of its effects on the aged brain are relatively scarce, and the study of sex-dependent effects is just beginning. Given the rapidly increasing population of older Americans, it is crucial that studies address age-dependent effects of binge alcohol, and given the increase in binge drinking in older women who are at higher risk for cognitive decline relative to men, studies must encompass both sexes. Because adolescence and older age are both characterized by age-typical brain changes, and because binge drinking is the most common pattern of alcohol intake in both age groups, the knowledge that we have amassed on binge alcohol effects on the adolescent brain can inform our study of its effects on the aging brain. In this review, we therefore cover the current state of knowledge of sex and age-dependent effects of binge alcohol, as well as statistical and methodological considerations for studies aimed at addressing them.