Evidence for widespread sperm displacement ability among Zygoptera (Odonata) and the means for predicting its presence
Evidence for widespread sperm displacement ability among Zygoptera (Odonata) and the means for predicting its presence
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接合翅目（蜻蜓目）中普遍存在精子置换能力的证据以及预测其存在的方法
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发表时间：
1986
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通讯作者：
J. Waage
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作者：
J. Waage
蚕豆娘科的Argia moesta， A. sedula和hchnura ramburii的雄性在授精前使用类似的阴茎形态从雌性的储存器官中取出和/或重新定位先前雄性的精子。尽管精子从精子囊中取出或装入精子囊的程度各不相同，但在所有三个物种中，精子都是从交配囊中取出的。由于至少在交配后的第一次产卵中，囊内的精子可能具有使卵子受精的优先权，因此精子优先权可以通过囊内属于最后交配的雄性的精子的百分比（按体积计算）来估计。据估计，这些物种的精子优先度约为sedula的71%，I. ramburii的82%和A. moesta的93%。这些结果，结合其他豆娘的类似结果，清楚地表明，在温带的钩翅目中，取代精子的能力可能是广泛存在的。在豆娘阴茎结构上有四种主要变异的物种现在已经被证明是利用这种形态来取代精子的。这些主要变异体的系统分布表明了在颧翅目中精子位移能力的几个起源。是否所有豆娘都有能力转移精子，取决于精子移除或重新定位时所用的微观结构的存在，以及交配中的雌性是否存在先前雄性的精子。因此，如果(1)雌性交配不止一次，(2)交配的雌性将精子储存在阴茎形态可接近的器官中，(3)雄性阴茎的远端部分具有与已知的精子移除或重新定位有关的结构相似的结构，(4)产卵发生在串联或与非接触的雄性保护其配偶。
Males of the coenagrionid damselflies Argia moesta, A. sedula and hchnura ramburii use similar penis morphology to remove and/or reposition sperm of previous males from the storage organs of females prior to inseminating them. Although the species vary in the degree to which sperm is removed from or packed into the spermatheca, in all three species, sperm is removed from the bursa copulatrix. Since sperm in the bursa probably has priority in fertilizing eggs in at least the first oviposition after mating, sperm precedence can be estimated as the percentage of sperm (by volume) in the bursa belonging to the last male to mate. Estimated sperm precedence for these species is approximately 71% for Argia sedula, 82% for I. ramburii and 93% for A. moesta. These results, combined with similar ones for other damselflies clearly indicate that the ability to displace sperm may be widespread among temperate-zone Zygoptera. Species with each of the four major variations in damselfly penis structure have now been shown to displace sperm using this morphology. The systematic distribution of these major variants suggests several origins of sperm displacement ability within the Zygoptera. Whether or not all damselflies are capable of sperm displacement depends on both the presence of micro-structures used in sperm removal or repositioning and on the presence of sperm of previous males in mating females. It is possible, therefore, to predict that sperm displacement occurs in a damselfly if (1) females mate more than once, (2) mating females store sperm in organs accessible to penis morphology, (3) the distal segment of the male penis has structures similar to those known to be involved in sperm removal or repositioning, and (4) oviposition occurs in tandem or with the male non-contact guarding his mate.