Untangling the impacts of nets in the southeastern Pacific: Rapid assessment of marine turtle bycatch to set conservation priorities in small-scale fisheries
Untangling the impacts of nets in the southeastern Pacific: Rapid assessment of marine turtle bycatch to set conservation priorities in small-scale fisheries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fishres.2018.04.013
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Godley, Brendan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna;Mangel, Jeffrey C.;Godley, Brendan J.
小型渔业对海洋巨型动物的副渔获物日益引起全球关注。东南太平洋维持着广泛的渔业，是数百万人的重要食物和就业来源。然而，管理不善会危及生态系统和脆弱物种的可持续性。我们使用调查问卷来评估小规模刺网捕鱼对3个国家（厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和智利）海龟的影响，旨在填补数据空白，并确定未来保护工作的优先领域。在43个小规模渔港共进行了765次调查（厄瓜多尔：n = 379名渔民，7个港口;秘鲁：n = 342名渔民，30个港口;智利：n = 44名渔民，6个港口）。研究港口的调查覆盖率为：厄瓜多尔28%，秘鲁37.0%，智利62.7%。当这些调查数据在被调查港口的船队中按比例放大时，整个研究港口的年度误捕海龟总数估计为46 478只;厄瓜多尔为40 480只，秘鲁为5 828只，智利为170只。估计死亡率在不同国家之间有很大差异（厄瓜多尔：32.5%;秘鲁：50.8%;智利：3.2%），导致厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和智利分别估计有13225、2927和6只海龟死亡。这些估计数非常大，因为所调查的港口仅分别占厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和智利国家刺网船队的16.4%、41%和22%。在秘鲁进行的基于调查的有限数据表明，调查提供的信息是可靠的，而且仍然具有参考价值。调查资料清楚地表明，厄瓜多尔和秘鲁是今后减少海龟兼捕工作的优先地区，特别是考虑到棱皮龟和玳瑁等区域种群的状况。
Bycatch of marine megafauna by small-scale fisheries is of growing global concern. The southeastern Pacific sustains extensive fisheries that are important sources of food and employment for millions of people. Mismanagement, however, jeopardizes the sustainability of ecosystems and vulnerable species. We used survey questionnaires to assess the impact of small-scale gillnet fisheries on sea turtles across 3 nations (Ecuador, Peru and Chile), designed to fill data gaps and identify priority areas for future conservation work. A total of 765 surveys from 43 small-scale fishing ports were obtained (Ecuador: n = 379 fishers, 7 ports; Peru: n = 342 fishers, 30 ports; Chile: n = 44 fishers, 6 ports). The survey coverage in study harbors was 28% for Ecuador, 37.0% for Peru, and 62.7% for Chile. When these survey data are scaled up across the fleets within surveyed ports, the resulting estimate of total annual bycatch across the study harbors is 46 478 turtles; where Ecuador is 40 480, Peru 5 828 and Chile 170 turtles. Estimated mortality rates vary markedly between countries (Ecuador: 32.5%; Peru 50.8%; Chile 3.2%), leading to estimated lethal takes of 13 225, 2 927, and 6 turtles for Ecuador, Peru, and Chile, respectively. These estimates are remarkably large given that the ports surveyed constitute only 16.4, 41, and 22% of the national gillnet fleets in Ecuador, Peru, and Chile, respectively. Limited data from observer-based surveys in Peru suggest that information from surveys are reliable and still informative. Information from surveys clearly highlight Ecuador and Peru as priority areas for future work to reduce turtle bycatch, particularly given the status of regional populations such as leatherback and hawksbill turtles.