Interactions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in birds and mammals
Interactions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in birds and mammals
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.a.306
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Wingfield, John C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bentley, George E.;Kriegsfeld, Lance J.;Wingfield, John C.
促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）调节促性腺激素、促黄体生成激素（LH）和促卵泡激素的分泌。因此，它是脊椎动物生殖的关键激素。在下丘脑神经肽中，GnRH被认为是不寻常的，因为它似乎没有直接的拮抗剂，尽管一些神经化学物质和外周激素（阿片类、GABA、性腺类固醇、促性腺激素）可以在一定程度上调节促性腺激素的释放。五年前，Tsutsui等人（2000年）在鹌鹑身上发现了一种脊椎动物下丘脑神经肽，可以剂量依赖性方式抑制垂体促性腺激素释放。Biochem Biophys Res Commun 275：661-667）。我们现在知道，这种抑制肽，称为促性腺激素抑制激素，或GnIH，是体外和体内促性腺激素释放的调节剂。它的发现为生殖生物学领域的一个全新的研究领域打开了大门。在我们的合作研究中，我们已经开始阐明GnIH与GnRH相互作用的方式，以确定促性腺激素释放的时间，从而确定鸟类和哺乳动物生殖活动的时间。本文综述了GnIH在鸣禽中的分布相对于GnRHs，以及我们的研究结果，其在体外和体内的作用方式，基于实验室和现场研究。这些数据同时与我们在哺乳动物中的研究结果进行比较，突出了如何使用不同的模式物种在不同的脊椎动物类可以是一个有用的方法来确定这种新的神经肽的保守行动，沿着其潜在的重要性，脊椎动物繁殖。
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates secretion of both of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone. Thus, it is a key hormone for vertebrate reproduction. GnRH was considered to be unusual among hypothalamic neuropeptides in that it appeared to have no direct antagonist, although some neurochemicals and peripheral hormones (opiates, GABA, gonadal steroids, inhibin) can modulate gonadotropin release to a degree. Five years ago, a vertebrate hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibited pituitary gonadotropin release in a dose-dependent manner was discovered in quail by Tsutsui et al. (2000. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 275:661-667). We now know that this inhibitory peptide, named gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, or GnIH, is a regulator of gonadotropin release in vitro and in vivo. Its discovery has opened the door to an entirely new line of research within the realm of reproductive biology. In our collaborative studies, we have begun to elucidate the manner in which GnIH interacts with GnRH to time release of gonadotropins and thus time reproductive activity in birds and mammals. This paper reviews the distribution of GnIH in songbirds relative to GnRHs, and our findings on its modes of action in vitro and in vivo, based on laboratory and field studies. These data are simultaneously compared with our findings in mammals, highlighting how the use of different model species within different vertebrate classes can be a useful approach to identify the conserved actions of this novel neuropeptide, along with its potential importance to vertebrate reproduction.