THE COMA CLUSTER OF GALAXIES
THE COMA CLUSTER OF GALAXIES
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DOI：
10.1086/126318
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发表时间：
1951-04
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
F. Zwicky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Zwicky
以下研究是作者用18英寸和48英寸施密特望远镜进行的一系列研究的一部分，这些研究是为了分析大型规则和不规则星系团中成员星系的几何分布。要把星系严格定义为一个物理物体，存在相当大的困难。整个天文学文献实际上从未给出过这样的定义。这种忽视导致了对星系光度函数的一些广泛持有的错误观点。主要的问题来自于应该作为独立实体计算的对象的不确定性。例如，有一个问题是，梅西耶31和它的两个伴星应该被算作一个系统还是三个系统。由于作者最近发现了星系间物质的存在，这种不确定性大大增强了。在传统的螺旋星系、椭圆星系和不规则星系之间的空间中存在着大量的、通常是非常不规则的恒星群和其他物质。目前还不清楚如何将这样的星系群纳入星系的分布函数中。所有这些问题都必须在星系光度函数的综合理论中得到澄清。在目前的分析中，我们将在很大程度上忽略刚才提到的问题。我们将或多或少天真地计算星系，就像过去所做的那样。这一过程足以证明，用大型反射镜计算出的大多数星系数量都受到严重质疑。特别是由这些计数得出的星系的光度函数是错误的。例如，哈勃给出的光度函数在绝对摄影星等Mp =£14.2处有一个极大值。现在的作者已经展示了pre-
General remarks, The following study is a part of a long series of investigations which the author has carried out with the 18-inch and the 48-inch schmidt telescopes to analyze the geometrical distribution of the member galaxies in large regular and irregular clusters of galaxies. The strict definition of a galaxy as a physical object presents considerable difficulties. The whole of the astronomical literature has actually never produced such a definition. This neglect has resulted in some widely held erroneous views on the luminosity function of galaxies. The principal problem originates in the uncertainty regarding the objects which should be counted as separate entities. There is, for instance, the question of whether Messier 31 and its two companions should be counted as one system or as three. This uncertainty is greatly enhanced through the recent discovery by the author of the existence of intergalactic matter. Vast and often very irregular swarms of stars and other matter exist in the spaces between the conventional spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies. It is not at all clear how such swarms should be incorporated into any distribution function of galaxies. All of these questions must be cleared up in a comprehensive theory of the luminosity function of galaxies. In the present analysis we shall largely disregard the problems just mentioned. We shall simply count galaxies more or less naively, as has been done in the past. This procedure is quite sufficient to demonstrate that most of the counts of galaxies made with the large reflectors are subject to grave doubts. In particular the luminosity function of galaxies as derived from these counts is erroneous. For instance, the luminosity function given by Hubble1 has a sharp maximum at the absolute photographic magnitude Mp£=£ 14.2. The present writer has shown pre-