R(h)oad to antitumour therapy.
R(h)oad to antitumour therapy.
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DOI：
10.1002/ctd2.160
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发表时间：
2022-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Viviane Nascimento Da Conceicao;B. B. Mishra-B.;Brij B. Singh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Viviane Nascimento Da Conceicao;B. B. Mishra-B.;Brij B. Singh
自噬是一种进化上的细胞内降解分解代谢过程，在应激条件下维持细胞内稳态，以从受损的细胞器中吸收营养物质1，2。重要的是，尽管自噬在许多癌症中的肿瘤促进和抑制中起着双重作用，但自噬的抑制在癌症免疫治疗中起着至关重要的作用。研究表明，通过抑制或诱导改变自噬过程可以促进免疫治疗的有效性3，4。免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）是一种由抗癌化疗药物诱导的独特免疫应答，导致细胞应激诱导的细胞死亡，并最终释放DAMP（损伤相关分子模式）5，6。诱导ICD的药理学激活肿瘤细胞中的自噬，其与放射疗法/化学疗法一起通过促进ICD 7来提高功效。在新闻中）提出，在自噬过程中的药理学增强可以有效地提高抗癌免疫应答免疫原性细胞死亡药物8，9。他们提出，G-Rh 2（G-Rh 2）增强了MTX（米托蒽醌）诱导的ICD，包括ATP释放增加、HMGB 1（高迁移率族蛋白1）释放和钙网蛋白（CALR）重新定位到膜上，增强抗肿瘤免疫应答（图1）。G-Rh 2是人参皂苷，人参的主要成分，并被证明具有药理学抗癌能力，通过激活转录因子EB（TFEB）和E3（TFE 3）诱导自噬，这增加了G-Rh 2与化疗药物MTX一起激活ATP释放的协同作用10，11。
Autophagy, an evolutionarily intracellular degradation catabolic process maintains cellular homeostasis during stress conditions to recycles nutrients from damaged organelles1, 2. Importantly, although autophagy plays a dual role in tumor promotion and suppression in many cancers, inhibition of autophagy plays a vital role in cancer immunotherapy. Studies have showed that altering the autophagic process by inhibiting or inducing can promote the effectiveness of immunotherapy3, 4. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a distinctive immune response induced by anticancer chemotherapeutics resulting in cell death inducted by cellular stress and eventually release of DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns) 5, 6. Pharmacology inducing ICD activates autophagy in tumor cells, that together with radiotherapy/chemotherapy boosts efficacy by promoting ICD7.In their letter to editor, Yang and collaborators (Yang et al., In press) propose that pharmacological enhancement in the autophagy process can be effective in boosting anticancer immune responses to immunogenic cell death drugs8, 9. They propose that ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) heightened the MTX (mitoxantrone)-induced ICD including ATP release increase, discharge of HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) and repositioning of calreticulin (CALR) to the membrane enhancing anti-tumor immune responses (Figure 1). G-Rh2 are ginsenosides, the main components from ginseng and proved to have pharmacological anti-cancer capabilities, inducing autophagy by activating transcriptional factors EB (TFEB) and E3 (TFE3) which adds to the collaborative effect of G-Rh2 that together with the chemotherapy drug MTX activates ATP release10, 11.