Alcohol Use and Firearm Violence
Alcohol Use and Firearm Violence
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DOI：
10.1093/epirev/mxv010
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Wiebe, Douglas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Branas, Charles C.;Han, SeungHoon;Wiebe, Douglas J.
尽管滥用枪支对于发生枪支暴力是必要的，但除了枪支本身之外，还有其他因素也可以通过修改来防止枪支暴力。酒精就是这样一个关键的可改变因素。为了探索这一点，我们进行了 40 年（1975-2014）的系统文献回顾和荟萃分析。一大组研究表明，超过三分之一的枪支暴力死者曾严重饮酒，超过四分之一的人在死前曾大量饮酒。另一大组研究表明，酒精与使用枪支作为自杀手段显着相关。两项对照研究表明，在自伤枪伤受害者中，饮酒后（尤其是大量饮酒）后枪伤具有统计学意义。一小部分研究调查了酒精和枪支法律以及酒精销售点和枪支暴力的交叉点。其中一项对照研究发现，出售外卖酒类的场外商店与枪支袭击有显着相关性。需要进行额外的受控、人群水平的危险因素和干预研究，包括仅确定其中一项的随机试验。重新划定场外酒类销售点、限制血液酒精浓度、加强对醉酒时携带或使用枪支的处罚、以及将之前的醉酒驾驶定罪视为取消个人购买或拥有枪支资格的更准确标准的政策值得进一步研究。
Although the misuse of firearms is necessary to the occurrence of firearm violence, there are other contributing factors beyond simply firearms themselves that might also be modified to prevent firearm violence. Alcohol is one such key modifiable factor. To explore this, we undertook a 40-year (1975-2014) systematic literature review with meta-analysis. One large group of studies showed that over one third of firearm violence decedents had acutely consumed alcohol and over one fourth had heavily consumed alcohol prior to their deaths. Another large group of studies showed that alcohol was significantly associated with firearm use as a suicide means. Two controlled studies showed that gun injury after drinking, especially heavy drinking, was statistically significant among self-inflicted firearm injury victims. A small group of studies investigated the intersection of alcohol and firearms laws and alcohol outlets and firearm violence. One of these controlled studies found that off-premise outlets selling takeout alcohol were significantly associated with firearm assault. Additional controlled, population-level risk factor and intervention studies, including randomized trials of which only 1 was identified, are needed. Policies that rezone off-premise alcohol outlets, proscribe blood alcohol levels and enhance penalties for carrying or using firearms while intoxicated, and consider prior drunk driving convictions as a more precise criterion for disqualifying persons from the purchase or possession of firearms deserve further study.