Optic Neuritis: A Model for the Immuno-pathogenesis of Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases.
Optic Neuritis: A Model for the Immuno-pathogenesis of Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases.
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DOI：
10.2174/1573395511666150707181644
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shindler KS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu GF;Parker Harp CR;Shindler KS
免疫系统和中枢神经系统（CNS）之间的微弱调节的证据可以通过这些器官系统之间的相互作用出错的例子来找到。多发性硬化（MS）是CNS的典型炎性疾病，其特征在于广泛分布的炎性脱髓鞘斑块，其可累及脑、脊髓和/或视神经。视神经炎（ON）是多发性硬化患者常见的视神经炎性损伤，由于临床结局指标易于获得，因此一直是深入研究的焦点。探索ON与CNS的其他炎性脱髓鞘疾病（即MS和视神经肌萎缩症）相关的临床和病理特征，提供了收集常见和不同疾病机制的机会。来自临床研究的新兴数据沿着涉及ON的各种动物模型暗示针对神经胶质靶点的先天性和适应性免疫应答，包括髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白和水通道蛋白4。临床和实验上都经常观察到ON的炎症消退，但持续性神经损伤也是ON的一个新特征。寻求评估的一个假设是，与MS中的其他靶点相比，视神经是中枢神经系统内高度专门化的靶点，容易发生产生ON的独特免疫过程。总体而言，ON是理解其他CNS脱髓鞘疾病（尤其是MS）发病机制的高度相关实体。
Evidence for the tenuous regulation between the immune system and central nervous system (CNS) can be found with examples of interaction between these organ systems gone awry. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototypical inflammatory disease of the CNS and is characterized by widely distributed inflammatory demyelinating plaques that can involve the brain, spinal cord and/or optic nerves. Optic neuritis (ON), inflammatory injury of the optic nerve that frequently occurs in patients with MS, has been the focus of intense study in part given the readily accessible nature of clinical outcome measures. Exploring the clinical and pathological features of ON in relation to other inflammatory demyelinating conditions of the CNS, namely MS and neuromyelitis optica, provides an opportunity to glean common and distinct mechanisms of disease. Emerging data from clinical studies along with various animal models involving ON implicate innate and adaptive immune responses directed at glial targets, including myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin 4. Resolution of inflammation in ON is commonly observed both clinically and experimentally, but persistent nerve injury is also one emerging hallmark of ON. One hypothesis seeking evaluation is that, in comparison to other sites targeted in MS, the optic nerve is a highly specialized target within the CNS predisposing to unique immunologic processes that generate ON. Overall, ON serves as a highly relevant entity for understanding the pathogenesis of other CNS demyelinating conditions, most notably MS.