YOUNG CHILDRENS INDUCTIONS FROM NATURAL KINDS - THE ROLE OF CATEGORIES AND APPEARANCES
YOUNG CHILDRENS INDUCTIONS FROM NATURAL KINDS - THE ROLE OF CATEGORIES AND APPEARANCES
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb03864.x
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发表时间：
1987-12-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
MARKMAN, EM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GELMAN, SA;MARKMAN, EM
最近对自然类术语的分析（例如，狗，金）表明人们期望同类的成员分享不可预见的属性。本研究通过对儿童归纳推理的研究，考察了这种期望的发展。在一系列的问题中，3岁和4岁的孩子被教导了一个关于物体的新事实，然后被问到它是否会概括为：一个看起来像原始物体的物体，与原始物体有相同的标签，看起来像原始物体并有相同的标签，或者在这两个方面都不同于原始物体。结果表明，3岁和4岁的孩子得出更多的推论类别成员的基础上比感性的外观，当两者都可用。此外，即使没有提供标签，儿童也经常根据类别成员身份进行推断。因此，即使是3岁的孩子也认为，自然种类的范畴不仅仅包括表面特征。
Recent analyses of natural kind terms (e.g., dog, gold) suggest that people expect members of a kind to share unforeseen properties. The present study investigated the development of this expectation by studying children''s inductive inferences. On each of a series of problems, 3- and 4-year-old children were taught a new fact about an object and then were asked whether it would generalize to: an object that looked like the original, that had the same label as the original, that looked like the original and had the same label, or that differed from the original in both respects. The results indicate that 3- and 4-year-olds drew more inferences based on category membership than on perceptual appearances, when both were available. Furthermore, children often based their inferences on category membership even when no label was provided. Thus even 3-year-olds assumed that natural kind categories include more than superficial features.