Declines in Unintended Pregnancy in the United States, 2008-2011
Declines in Unintended Pregnancy in the United States, 2008-2011
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DOI：
10.1056/nejmsa1506575
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发表时间：
2016-03-03
影响因子：
158.5
通讯作者：
Zolna, Mia R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finer, Lawrence B.;Zolna, Mia R.
背景 2001 年至 2008 年间，美国的意外怀孕率略有上升，高于许多其他工业化国家。自2008年以来，没有报告过全国趋势。方法我们根据妇女和女童的怀孕意愿和怀孕结果计算了2008年和2011年的怀孕率。我们从全国家庭成长调查和全国堕胎患者调查中获得了有关怀孕意愿的数据，从国家卫生统计中心获得了出生数据，并从全国堕胎服务提供者普查中获得了人工流产数据；流产数量是根据全国家庭成长调查的数据进行估算的。 结果 2011 年，意外怀孕的比例不到一半 (45%)，而 2008 年为 51%。15 至 44 岁妇女和女孩的意外怀孕率下降了 18%，从 2008 年的每 1000 人 54 人下降到 2008 年的每 1000 人 45 人。 2011. 联邦贫困线以下或同居人群的意外怀孕率 是全国平均水平的两到三倍。在不同人口亚组中，意外怀孕率的差异持续存在，但 2008 年至 2011 年间有所缩小； 15至17岁女孩、同居妇女、收入在联邦贫困线100%至199%之间、未受过高中教育的人和西班牙裔的意外怀孕发生率下降了25%以上。在研究期间，以堕胎告终的意外怀孕百分比保持稳定（2008 年为 40%，2011 年为 42%）。在 15 至 44 岁的妇女和女孩中，意外怀孕的发生率从 2008 年的千分之 27 下降到 2011 年的千分之 22。 结论 经过之前一段时期的微小变化，美国的意外怀孕率在 2008 年至 2011 年间大幅下降，但意外怀孕在妇女和女孩中仍然是最常见的谁是穷人，谁是同居者。
BACKGROUNDThe rate of unintended pregnancy in the United States increased slightly between 2001 and 2008 and is higher than that in many other industrialized countries. National trends have not been reported since 2008.METHODSWe calculated rates of pregnancy for the years 2008 and 2011 according to women's and girls' pregnancy intentions and the outcomes of those pregnancies. We obtained data on pregnancy intentions from the National Survey of Family Growth and a national survey of patients who had abortions, data on births from the National Center for Health Statistics, and data on induced abortions from a national census of abortion providers; the number of miscarriages was estimated using data from the National Survey of Family Growth.RESULTSLess than half (45%) of pregnancies were unintended in 2011, as compared with 51% in 2008. The rate of unintended pregnancy among women and girls 15 to 44 years of age declined by 18%, from 54 per 1000 in 2008 to 45 per 1000 in 2011. Rates of unintended pregnancy among those who were below the federal poverty level or cohabiting were two to three times the national average. Across population subgroups, disparities in the rates of unintended pregnancy persisted but narrowed between 2008 and 2011; the incidence of unintended pregnancy declined by more than 25% among girls who were 15 to 17 years of age, women who were cohabiting, those whose incomes were between 100% and 199% of the federal poverty level, those who did not have a high school education, and Hispanics. The percentage of unintended pregnancies that ended in abortion remained stable during the period studied (40% in 2008 and 42% in 2011). Among women and girls 15 to 44 years of age, the rate of unintended pregnancies that ended in birth declined from 27 per 1000 in 2008 to 22 per 1000 in 2011.CONCLUSIONSAfter a previous period of minimal change, the rate of unintended pregnancy in the United States declined substantially between 2008 and 2011, but unintended pregnancies remained most common among women and girls who were poor and those who were cohabiting.