Oscillations and interactions of dark and dark-bright solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates
Oscillations and interactions of dark and dark-bright solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates
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DOI：
10.1038/nphys962
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Sengstock, Klaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker, Christoph;Stellmer, Simon;Sengstock, Klaus
孤子是在许多非线性系统中最显著的基本激发态之一，如窄通道中的水、高速光通信、分子生物学和天体物理学。孤子是一种波包，通过扩展和聚焦之间的平衡而稳定，它们具有一些特殊的一般特征，如形式稳定性和粒子性质。超冷量子气体代表了非常纯净和良好控制的非线性系统，因此为研究孤子动力学提供了独特的可能性。在这里，我们报告的观察寿命长达几秒钟的长寿命的黑暗和暗亮孤子，以及他们的动态在高度稳定的光学捕获Rb-87玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚。特别是，我们对暗孤子和暗-亮孤子振荡的详细研究首次揭示了这些集体激发的类粒子性质。此外，我们还讨论了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中这两类孤立子激发之间的碰撞。
Solitons are among the most distinguishing fundamental excitations in a wide range of nonlinear systems such as water in narrow channels, high-speed optical communication, molecular biology and astrophysics. Stabilized by a balance between spreading and focusing, solitons are wave packets that share some exceptional generic features such as form stability and particle-like properties. Ultracold quantum gases represent very pure and well-controlled nonlinear systems, therefore offering unique possibilities to study soliton dynamics. Here, we report on the observation of long-lived dark and dark-bright solitons with lifetimes of up to several seconds as well as their dynamics in highly stable optically trapped Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensates. In particular, our detailed studies of dark and dark-bright soliton oscillations reveal the particle-like nature of these collective excitations for the first time. In addition, we discuss the collision between these two types of solitary excitation in Bose-Einstein condensates.