Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila and the Stochastic loss hypothesis.
Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila and the Stochastic loss hypothesis.
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果蝇的杂交发育不全和随机损失假说。
DOI：
10.1101/sqb.1981.045.01.072
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Engels
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Engels
许多黑腹果蝇的基因组似乎携带有多个拷贝的一个明显移动的元件，称为P因子。这些元件的位置和数量从一个菌株到下一个菌株以及大多数长期建立的实验室菌株变化很大。（通常10岁或以上）完全缺乏。P因子的定义是，在某些特定条件下，它能够导致一种称为杂种发育不全的状态，在这种状态下，可以观察到各种生殖系异常，包括高突变性、染色体重排的产生和温度敏感性不育。除了P因子外，至少还有一种类似的因子，即I因子，能够引起杂种发育不全。这种元素，它不同于P因子的细节，其相关的基因缺陷状态，是存在于野生苍蝇，也在许多实验室菌株的中间年龄缺乏P因子。在本文中，我回顾了上述陈述的证据，并总结了其他基本特征的杂交发育不全。此外，我认为，随机损失的可移动的元素，如P和I因子的随机漂移在小种群可能解释实验室和野生菌株之间的差异。
Many Drosophila melanogaster genomes appear to carry multiple copies of an apparently mobile element known as the P factor. The positions and numbers of these elements vary widely from one strain to the next, and most long-established laboratory strains.(usually 10 years or older) lack it completely. The P factor is defined by its ability to bring about, under certain wellspecified conditions, a state called hybrid dysgenesis in which various germ-line abnormalities, including high mutability, the production of chromosomal rearrangements, and temperature-sensitive sterility, can be observed. In addition to the P factor, at least one other similar element, the I factor, is capable of causing hybrid dysgenesis. This element, which differs from the P factor in the details of its associated dysgenic state, is present in wild flies and also in many of the laboratory strains of intermediate age which lack the P factor. In this paper I review the evidence for the above statements and summarize the other basic features of hybrid dysgenesis. In addition, I suggest that stochastic loss of movable elements such as P and I factors by random drift in small populations might explain the differences between laboratory and wild strains.