SAS and R code for probabilistic quantitative bias analysis for misclassified binary variables and binary unmeasured confounders.

SAS and R code for probabilistic quantitative bias analysis for misclassified binary variables and binary unmeasured confounders.
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用于错误分类二元变量和二元未测量混杂因素的概率定量偏差分析的 SAS 和 R 代码。

DOI:
10.1093/ije/dyad053
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
7.7
通讯作者:
Lash,TimothyL
Lash,TimothyL
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fox,MatthewP;MacLehose,RichardF;Lash,TimothyL

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来自选择偏倚、不受控制的混杂和错误分类的系统误差在流行病学研究中普遍存在,但很少使用定量偏倚分析(QBA)进行量化。这一差距可能部分是由于缺乏易于修改的软件来实施这些方法。我们的目标是提供可以根据分析师的数据集量身定制的计算代码。我们简要描述了实施QBA错误分类和不受控制的混杂的方法,并向读者提供了示例代码,说明如何使用汇总级数据和个人记录级数据进行偏倚分析,可以在SAS和R中实施。我们的示例展示了如何对不受控制的混杂和错误分类进行调整。然后,可以将得到的偏倚调整点估计值与传统结果进行比较,以查看该偏倚在其方向和幅度方面的影响。此外,我们展示了如何生成95%的模拟区间,可以与传统的95%置信区间进行比较,以了解偏差对不确定性的影响。拥有易于实现的代码,用户可以应用于自己的数据集,这将有助于刺激更频繁地使用这些方法,并防止从没有量化系统误差对其结果的影响的研究中得出的不良推论。
Systematic error from selection bias, uncontrolled confounding, and misclassification is ubiquitous in epidemiologic research but is rarely quantified using quantitative bias analysis (QBA). This gap may in part be due to the lack of readily modifiable software to implement these methods. Our objective is to provide computing code that can be tailored to an analyst’s dataset. We briefly describe the methods for implementing QBA for misclassification and uncontrolled confounding and present the reader with example code for how such bias analyses, using both summary-level data and individual record-level data, can be implemented in both SAS and R. Our examples show how adjustment for uncontrolled confounding and misclassification can be implemented. Resulting bias-adjusted point estimates can then be compared to conventional results to see the impact of this bias in terms of its direction and magnitude. Further, we show how 95% simulation intervals can be generated that can be compared to conventional 95% confidence intervals to see the impact of the bias on uncertainty. Having easy to implement code that users can apply to their own datasets will hopefully help spur more frequent use of these methods and prevent poor inferences drawn from studies that do not quantify the impact of systematic error on their results.
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