Two Decades of Terrestrial Water Storage Changes in the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surroundings Revealed through GRACE/GRACE-FO
Two Decades of Terrestrial Water Storage Changes in the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surroundings Revealed through GRACE/GRACE-FO
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DOI：
10.3390/rs15143505
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发表时间：
2023-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Xiang;Hansheng Wang;H. Steffen;Liming Jiang;Q. Shen;L. Jia;Zhen-Bo Su;Wenliang Wang;
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Xiang;Hansheng Wang;H. Steffen;Liming Jiang;Q. Shen;L. Jia;Zhen-Bo Su;Wenliang Wang;
青藏高原（TP）拥有地球上数量最多的高海拔冰川。作为亚洲主要河流的源头，该地区为超过十亿人口提供淡水。陆地水储存（TWS）的任何变化都会对非洲大陆的大部分地区产生重大社会影响。近年来，由于全球气候变暖加速，西藏部分水环境严重失衡，水灾害风险加大。我们通过重力恢复和气候实验及其后续卫星任务 (GRACE/GRACE-FO) 量化了 2002 年 4 月至 2021 年 12 月期间流域的长期和每月冰川质量平衡和 TWS 变化。应用了充分的数据后处理，包括去条带滤波器和间隙填充以及在谱域和空间域中实施的两种正则化方法。最大的冰川质量损失出现在念青唐古拉山脉和喜马拉雅山脉东部，其速率分别为-4.92 ± 1.38 Gt a−1 和-4.34 ± 1.48 Gt a−1。天山地区东部和中部地区出现严重损失。此外，我们发现喀喇昆仑山脉和西昆仑冰川质量小幅增加。大部分冰川质量变化可以用降雪变化来解释，在某些地区，可以用印度季风产生的夏季降雨来解释。青藏高原南北主要流域的TWS出现部分显着的负变化。反过来，青藏高原内流区和柴达木盆地以及三河源区附近则表现出与净降水增加相关的明显正TWS信号。但萨尔温江源区和雅鲁藏布江流域则呈现下降趋势。我们建议，我们新的和改进的TWS变化结果不仅可以用于青藏高原，而且可以用于亚洲周边国家的水资源维护和水灾预防。它们还可能有助于全球变化研究。
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has the largest number of high-altitude glaciers on Earth. As a source of major rivers in Asia, this region provides fresh water to more than one billion people. Any terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes there have major societal effects in large parts of the continent. Due to the recent acceleration in global warming, part of the water environment in TP has become drastically unbalanced, with an increased risk of water disasters. We quantified secular and monthly glacier-mass-balance and TWS changes in water basins from April 2002 to December 2021 through the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and its Follow-on satellite mission (GRACE/GRACE-FO). Adequate data postprocessing with destriping filters and gap filling and two regularization methods implemented in the spectral and space domain were applied. The largest glacier-mass losses were found in the Nyainqentanglha Mountains and Eastern Himalayas, with rates of −4.92 ± 1.38 Gt a−1 and −4.34 ± 1.48 Gt a−1, respectively. The Tien Shan region showed strong losses in its eastern and central parts. Furthermore, we found small glacier-mass increases in the Karakoram and West Kunlun. Most of the glacier mass change can be explained by snowfall changes and, in some areas, by summer rainfall created by the Indian monsoon. Major water basins in the north and south of the TP exhibited partly significant negative TWS changes. In turn, the endorheic region and the Qaidam basin in the TP, as well as the near Three Rivers source region, showed distinctly positive TWS signals related to net precipitation increase. However, the Salween River source region and the Yarlung Zangbo River basin showed decreasing trends. We suggest that our new and improved TWS-change results can be used for the maintenance of water resources and the prevention of water disasters not only in the TP, but also in surrounding Asian countries. They may also help in global change studies.