Time for actions in lucid dreams: effects of task modality, length, and complexity
Time for actions in lucid dreams: effects of task modality, length, and complexity
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.01013
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发表时间：
2014-01-16
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Schredl, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erlacher, Daniel;Schaedlich, Melanie;Schredl, Michael
梦中的时间和真实的时间之间的关系几个世纪以来一直吸引着科学家。梦中的动作是否与清醒时的动作花费相同的时间，这个问题可以通过使用清醒梦来测试，在清醒梦中，做梦者能够用预先安排的眼动来标记时间间隔，这些眼动可以在EOG记录中客观地识别。之前的研究表明，清醒梦和清醒状态下的数数时间是相等的（LaBarge; 1985; Erlacher and Schredl，2004），但Erlacher and Schredl（2004）发现，在清醒梦中进行蹲下需要的时间比清醒状态下多40%。为了找出任务形式，任务长度或任务复杂性是否会导致清醒梦时间延长，进行了三种不同条件的实验。在第一种情况下，五个熟练的清醒梦者在睡眠实验室里度过了一到三个不连续的夜晚。参与者在清醒状态和清醒梦中分别数到10、20和30。清醒度和任务间隔的时间戳与左-右-左-右眼运动。第二种情况也采用了同样的程序，8名清醒梦者必须走10步、20步或30步。在第三种情况下，8名清醒做梦者进行了一项体操训练，在清醒状态下，这一训练持续的时间与走10步相同。我们再次发现，在清醒梦中完成一项运动任务比清醒时需要更多的时间。在所有三项任务中都存在较长的持续时间，但仅在运动活动（步行和体操）任务中发现了显着差异。然而，没有发现差异的相对时间（没有不成比例的时间效应）和一个更复杂的运动任务并没有导致更长的时间。清醒梦的持续时间较长可能与快速眼动睡眠期间缺乏肌肉反馈或较慢的神经处理有关。未来的研究应该探索可能与持续时间延长相关的因素。
The relationship between time in dreams and real time has intrigued scientists for centuries. The question if actions in dreams take the same time as in wakefulness can be tested by using lucid dreams where the dreamer is able to mark time intervals with prearranged eye movements that can be objectively identified in EOG recordings. Previous research showed an equivalence of time for counting in lucid dreams and in wakefulness (LaBarge; 1985; Erlacher and Schredl, 2004), but Erlacher and Schredl (2004) found that performing squats required about 40% more time in lucid dreams than in the waking state. To find out if the task modality, the task length, or the task complexity results in prolonged times in lucid dreams, an experiment with three different conditions was conducted. In the first condition, five proficient lucid dreamers spent one to three non-consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. Participants counted to 10, 20, and 30 in wakefulness and in their lucid dreams. Lucidity and task intervals were time stamped with left-right-left-right eye movements. The same procedure was used for the second condition where eight lucid dreamers had to walk 10, 20, or 30 steps. In the third condition, eight lucid dreamers performed a gymnastics routine, which in the waking state lasted the same time as walking 10 steps. Again, we found that performing a motor task in a lucid dream requires more time than in wakefulness. Longer durations in the dream state were present for all three tasks, but significant differences were found only for the tasks with motor activity (walking and gymnastics). However, no difference was found for relative times (no disproportional time effects) and a more complex motor task did not result in more prolonged times. Longer durations in lucid dreams might be related to the lack of muscular feedback or slower neural processing during REM sleep. Future studies should explore factors that might be associated with prolonged durations.