The alveolar macrophage the forgotten cell in asthma
The alveolar macrophage the forgotten cell in asthma
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DOI：
10.1165/rcmb.f279
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Peters-Golden, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peters-Golden, M
由于哮喘和过敏性呼吸道疾病在过去二十年中已经达到流行的程度，对这些疾病的细胞和分子发病机制的研究已经爆炸。目前的范例强调T淋巴细胞衍生的细胞因子谱的重要性，其极化朝向促进嗜酸性粒细胞炎症的2型分子（Th 2），如白细胞介素（IL）-4、-5和-13，而不是Th 1分子，如IL-12和干扰素-（IFN-）（1）。使得呼吸道上皮表面成为巨大的战场。肺泡巨噬细胞（AM）是驻留在肺泡空间和传导气道中的主要免疫效应细胞，它负责激活足以消除侵入者的炎症反应（2，3）。然而，过度的炎症反应可能会干扰气体交换。这意味着AM必须是“双向的”--既能增强又能抑制炎症反应--并且足够“聪明”，能够实施适合当前需要的效应程序。因为这种细胞类型不仅是最丰富的，而且是第一个被广泛研究的离体肺免疫细胞之一，所以AM是哮喘中被遗忘的细胞是相当矛盾的。这一结论得到了以下事实的支持：最近一本关于哮喘气道炎症的详尽专著中有7章是关于7种特定细胞类型的，但没有关于AM的（4）。
As asthma and allergic respiratory diseases have reached epidemic proportions over the last twenty years, research into the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of these disorders has exploded. Current paradigms emphasize the importance of a T lymphocyte–derived cytokine profile polarized toward type 2 molecules (Th2) that promote eosinophilic inffammation, such as interleukin (IL)-4,-5, and-13, rather than Th1 molecules such as IL-12 and interferon-(IFN-)(1).A never-ending barrage of microbes, toxins, and antigens challenges the lung’s gas exchange function, making the respiratory epithelial surface an enormous battleground. The alveolar macrophage (mø)(AM) is the predominant immune effector cell resident in the alveolar spaces and conducting airways, and it is responsible for activating inffammatory responses sufficient to eliminate the interlopers (2, 3). However, an excessive inffammatory response might perturb gas exchange. This means that the AM must be “ambidextrous”—capable of both enhancing and suppressing inffammatory responses—and be “smart” enough to implement the effector program appropriate to the needs of the moment. Because this cell type is not only the most abundant but was among the first pulmonary immune cells to be extensively studied ex vivo, it is rather paradoxical that the AM is the forgotten cell in asthma. This conclusion is underscored by the fact that a recent exhaustive monograph on asthmatic airway inffammation has chapters on seven specific cell types, but none on AMs (4).