Impacts of 49–51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields
Impacts of 49–51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields
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49-51 年的施肥和轮作对生长季一氧化二氮排放、氮吸收和玉米产量的影响
DOI：
10.1139/cjss2013-101
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
J. Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Drury;W. D. Reynolds;C. S. Tan;N. McLaughlin;X. Yang;W. Calder;T. Oloya;J. Yang
Drury， C. F, Reynolds， W. D, Tan， C. S., McLaughlin， N. B., Yang， X. M., Calder， W., Oloya， T. O.和Yang， J. Y. 2014。49 ~ 51年施肥和轮作对生长季氮氧化物排放、氮素吸收和玉米产量的影响可以。[j] .水土保持学报，2004,19(4):421-433。1959年进行了一项实地研究，评价施肥和轮作对布鲁克斯顿粘土壤土作物产量、土壤和环境质量的影响。2个施肥处理（施肥和不施肥）和6个种植处理，包括玉米连作、肯塔基蓝草连作和玉米-燕麦-苜蓿-苜蓿4年轮作，每个阶段每年进行一次。我们测量了玉米期三个生长季节（2007-2009）的N2O排放、无机氮和植物氮吸收量。三年内氮氧化物排放量的变化主要受降水数量、强度和时间的季节性变化以及作物生长和氮素吸收的差异影响。施肥的CC平均因N2O排放损失7.36 kg N ha-1，而未施肥的CC仅损失0.51 kg N ha-1。施肥轮作玉米（RC）的氮肥损失量为6.46 kg hm -1，比施肥轮作玉米低12%，而未施肥轮作玉米的N2O排放量（2.95 kg N hm -1）约为施肥轮作玉米的一半。在3年里，RC的平均玉米产量为10.0 t hm -1， CC的平均玉米产量为5.48 t hm -1。未施肥的RC玉米产量比施肥的RC玉米低61% (3.93 t hm -1)，而未施肥的CC玉米产量比施肥的CC玉米低75% （1.39 t hm -1）。氮氧化物排放受长期管理措施的显著影响，轮作在玉米期的排放较低，尽管施肥和豆类固氮的输入量较大。这些N2O排放和产量结果是由于传统上用来描述这些过程的因素以及长期土壤质量因素造成的，这些因素是由长期管理产生的（即土壤有机碳、土壤物理参数，如体积密度、孔隙度、土壤动物和微生物区系），这些因素影响作物生长、氮吸收和土壤含水量。
Drury, C. F., Reynolds, W. D., Tan, C. S., McLaughlin, N. B., Yang, X. M., Calder, W., Oloya, T. O. and Yang, J. Y. 2014. Impacts of 49-51 years of years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 421-433. A field study was established in 1959 to evaluate the effects of fertilization and crop rotation on crop yields, soil and environmental quality on a Brookston clay loam. There were two fertilizer treatments (fertilized and not-fertilized) and six cropping treatments including continuous corn (CC), continuous Kentucky bluegrass sod and a 4-yr rotation of corn-oat-alfalfa-alfalfa with each phase present each year. We measured N2O emissions, inorganic N and plant N uptake over three growing seasons (2007-2009) in the corn phase. Nitrous oxide emissions varied over the 3 yr as a result of the seasonal variation in precipitation quantity, intensity and timing and differences in crop growth and N uptake. Fertilized CC lost, on average, 7.36 kg N ha-1 by N2O emissions, whereas the not-fertilized CC lost only 0.51 kg N ha-1. Fertilized rotation corn (RC) lost 6.46 kg N ha-1, which was 12% lower than fertilized CC. The not-fertilized RC, on the other hand, emitted about half as much N2O (2.95 kg N ha-1) as the fertilized RC. Fertilized RC had corn grain yields that averaged 10.0 t ha-1 over the 3 yr followed by fertilized CC at 5.48 t ha-1. Not-fertilized RC corn had yields that were 61% lower (3.93 t ha-1) than fertilized RC, whereas the not-fertilized CC had yields that were 75% lower (1.39 t ha-1) than fertilized CC. Nitrous oxide emissions were found to be dramatically affected by long-term management practices and crop rotation had lower emissions in the corn phase of the rotation even though the N input from fertilizer addition and legume N fixation was greater. These N2O emission and yield results were due to both factors that are traditionally used to describe these processes as well as long-term soil quality factors, which were created by the long-term management (i.e., soil organic carbon, soil physical parameters such as bulk density, and porosity, soil fauna and micro-flora) and that influenced crop growth, N uptake and soil water contents.