A bottom-up building stock quantification methodology for construction minerals using Earth Observation. The case of Hanoi
A bottom-up building stock quantification methodology for construction minerals using Earth Observation. The case of Hanoi
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cesys.2023.100109
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
T. Bide;A. Novellino;E. Petavratzi;C. Watson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Bide;A. Novellino;E. Petavratzi;C. Watson
在迅速发展的城市环境中，对大量建筑材料，特别是用于混凝土的沙子的需求日益增加，正成为一个重大的社会经济和环境问题。混凝土（由沙子、骨料和水泥组成）的消耗在城市层面尤其令人担忧，因为大量材料是在城市腹地提取的，对当地造成直接影响，并可能直接影响城市层面的新陈代谢。这些材料的过度消费和管理不善，使社会越来越难以确保对维持城市健康至关重要的新的城市发展和基础设施项目实现可持续发展目标。然而，如果不首先了解材料是如何在适当的空间水平上生产和消费的，就很难实施合适的资源管理政策。对于许多地区，特别是在城市层面，缺乏此类数据，特别是对于沙子和骨料，这可能进一步加剧这些当地供应问题和环境影响。本研究试图通过将地球观测数据集与城市基础设施中包含的材料（材料强度）估计数相结合来解决这一数据缺口，以计算河内建筑材料库存的快速增长。建筑物空间数据的收集使用、生成和整理了各种星载的已建成区域开源数据集（GlobalMLBuildingFootpint、World Settlement Footprint 3D、Open Street Map）和土地使用分类地图。将这一空间数据与河内典型建筑中沙子、砾石、水泥和混凝土的估计数量联系起来，可以在一个时间序列上量化一系列建筑类型的建筑存量。结果表明，每新建一公里的城市基础设施，大约需要52万吨混凝土，或36万吨沙子，58万吨砾石和11.5万吨水泥。如果到2030年实现河内总体规划，那么材料需求可能是1.06亿吨混凝土或7300万吨沙子，1.18亿吨砾石和2400万吨水泥。这些都超过了历史消费趋势，远远超过了目前的开采速度，因此需要仔细规划，以确保在未来获得可持续的资源。
Increasing demand for significant volumes of construction materials, especially sand for use in concrete, in rapidly developing urban environments is becoming a significant socio-economic and environmental issue. The consumption of concrete (comprised of sand, aggregates and cement) is especially concerning on a city level as vast volumes of materials are extracted within the urban hinterland, causing direct impacts locally and the potential for supply issues directly impacting city level metabolism. Excessive consumption and poor management of these materials make it increasingly hard for society to ensure new urban development and infrastructure projects, essential for maintaining the health of cities, meet sustainable development objectives. However, it is difficult to implement suitable resource management policies without first understanding how materials are produced and consumed at an appropriate spatial level. For many areas, especially on a city level, such data is absent, especially so for sand and aggregates which can further exacerbate these local supply issues and environmental impacts. This study attempts to address this data gap via combining earth observation datasets with estimates of materials contained within urban infrastructure (material intensities) to calculate the rapid increase of construction material stocks in Hanoi. Spatial data on buildings have been gathered using, producing, and collating a variety of spaceborne open-source datasets on built up areas (GlobalMLBuildingFootpint, World Settlement Footprint 3D, Open Street Map) and land use classification maps. Linking this spatial data with estimated quantities of sand, gravel, cement and concrete in typical buildings in Hanoi enables quantification of building stocks for a range of building types over a time series. The results show that for every new km2of urban infrastructure approximately 520,000 tonnes of concrete, or 360,000 tonnes of sand, 580,000 tonnes of gravel and 115,000 tonnes of cement are required. If the Hanoi Masterplan is to be achieved by 2030, then the material demand is likely to be for 106 million tonnes of concrete or 73 million tonnes of sand, 118 million tonnes of gravel and 24 million tonnes of cement. These all exceed historical consumption trends and are far in excess of current extraction rates and therefore careful planning is required to ensure access to sustainable resources into the future.