Characterization of the pal motifs in the upstream glucokinase promoter: Binding of a cell type-specific protein complex correlates with transcriptional activation
Characterization of the pal motifs in the upstream glucokinase promoter: Binding of a cell type-specific protein complex correlates with transcriptional activation
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DOI：
10.1210/me.10.6.723
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Magnuson, MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moates, JM;Shelton, KD;Magnuson, MA
The upstream glucokinase (GK) promoter is expressed specifically in several different neural/neuroendocrine (NE) cell types, including the pancreatic beta-cell and pituitary corticotrope. Previously, a mutational and evolutionary analysis of this promoter identified two identical 9-bp motifs (TGGTCACCA) termed Pal-1 and Pal-2 that are essential for high level expression in HIT M2.2.2 cells, an insulinoma cell line, Here we show that these motifs are also necessary for efficient expression in AtT-20 cells, a corticotrope-derived cell line, and that proteins from both NE and non-NE cells bind to the Pal motifs, although the DNA-protein complexes differ by cell type. Complexes formed using nuclear extracts from NE cells contained an extra NE cell-specific band and differed in the relative abundance of two other bands when compared with non-NE cells. UV laser cross-linking experiments further supported the cell-specific binding of two proteins, 110 and 150 kDa in size, to these motifs. The presence or absence of the NE-specific band correlates with transcription of GK promoter fusion gene constructs, suggesting a key role for this protein in determining the cell-specific expression of GK. The Pal motifs themselves do not function as enhancers but seem to be essential components of a larger transcriptional regulatory domain that is active only in certain NE cells. Together, these studies suggest that the NE cell-specific expression of the upstream GK promoter involves the formation of a distinct protein complex on the two Pal motifs.
