CLIMATE-CHANGE AND THE SHORT-TERM IMPACT OF FERAL HOUSE MICE AT THE SUB-ANTARCTIC PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLANDS
CLIMATE-CHANGE AND THE SHORT-TERM IMPACT OF FERAL HOUSE MICE AT THE SUB-ANTARCTIC PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLANDS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00320508
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发表时间：
1993-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
SMITH, VR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHOWN, SL;SMITH, VR
在爱德华王子群岛，气温在过去40年里上升了大约1摄氏度，同时伴有降水的减少。这导致了沼泽中泥炭水分含量的减少和生长季节“温暖”的增加。对温度和湿度敏感的莎草Uncinia compacta R. Pr.（莎草科）因此增加了它在爱德华王子岛的空中覆盖，但野生家鼠收获种子（高达100%被清除）阻止了这种情况在玛丽恩岛发生。如此广泛的资源使用表明，猎物的转换可能发生在马里恩岛。席位分析表明，小鼠不仅比以前在马里恩岛的种群研究中发现的更大程度上食用异丙象鼻虫，而且它们也更喜欢大的象鼻虫（+/- 6毫米）。1986-1992年，马里恩岛（Marion Island）的象鼻虫首选猎物Bothrometopus randi Jeannel和Ectemnorhinus similis C.O. Waterhouse（鞘翅目：象鼻虫科）的体型减小，而爱德华王子岛（Prince Edward Island）没有。这似乎是对象鼻虫捕食增加的结果。此外，在爱德华王子岛上，被捕食物种E. similis的成虫数量比同类E. marioni Jeannel的成虫数量要多，而在1991年南夏末的马里恩岛上却没有成虫。这些结果不仅支持了之前关于全球变暖对爱德华王子群岛上小鼠-植物-无脊椎动物相互作用影响的假设，而且为首次记录的捕食者介导的物种形成提供了有限的证据。它们还表明，在不同尺度上运行的人为变化的相互作用可能对当地系统产生深远的影响。
At the Prince Edward Islands, temperatures have increased by approximately 1 degrees C over the past 40 years, accompanied by a decline in precipitation. This ha's led to a reduction in the peat moisture content of mires and higher growing season ''warmth''. The temperature- and moisture-sensitive sedge, Uncinia compacta R. Pr. (Cyperaceae), has consequently increased its aerial cover on Prince Edward Island, but harvesting of seeds by feral house mice (up to 100% removed) has prevented this from happening on Marion Island. Such extensive use of resources suggests that prey switching may be taking place at Marion Island. Seat analyses revealed that mice are not only eating ectemnorhinine weevils to a greater extent than found in previous studies of populations at Marion Island, but that they also prefer larger weevils (+/- 6 mm). A decrease in body size of preferred weevil prey species [Bothrometopus randi Jeannel and Ectemnorhinus similis C.O. Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)] has taken place on Marion Island (1986-1992), but not on Prince Edward Island. This appears to be a result of increased predation on weevils. In addition, adults of the prey species, E. similis are relatively more abundant on Prince Edward Island than adults of the smaller congener E. marioni Jeannel, and could not be found on Marion Island in the late austral summer of 1991. These results not only provide support for previous hypotheses of the effect of global warming on mouse-plant-invertebrate interactions on the Prince Edward Islands, but also provide limited evidence for the first recorded case of predator-mediated speciation. They also show that the interaction of human-induced changes operating at different scales may have profound consequences for local systems.