Statistical learning in songbirds: from self-tutoring to song culture.
Statistical learning in songbirds: from self-tutoring to song culture.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2016.0053
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发表时间：
2017-01-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tchernichovski O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fehér O;Ljubičić I;Suzuki K;Okanoya K;Tchernichovski O
在发声发育的开始，鸣禽和人类都产生具有广泛分布的声学特征的可变发声咿呀学语。在发育过程中，这些发声分化成明确的、分类的信号，这些信号是成年人发声行为的特征。一个广泛分布的信号是理想的声乐探索，也就是说，为匹配发声的感官输入的统计数据。向范畴信号的发展过渡是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，语音输出变得分化和稳定。但它需要分类输入吗？我们训练幼年斑胸草雀，播放它们自己正在发展的歌曲，这些歌曲是在几分钟前产生的，在发展过程中不断更新。虽然这些自学（ST）鸟类的发声最初分布很广，但鸟类很快就发展出了分类信号，就像用分类的成年歌曲模板训练的鸟类一样快。相比之下，这些鸟的兄弟姐妹，没有接受培训（隔离）发展语音类别要慢得多，从来没有达到相同的水平的类别分化为他们的ST兄弟。因此，鸣禽不是简单地反映它们感官输入的统计特性，而是积极地将其转化为不同的类别。我们认为，早期的自我生成的语音类别有利于建立声乐文化，使歌曲更容易在微观层面上传输，同时促进稳定的共享词汇在群体层面上几代人。这篇文章是“认知科学中统计学习的新前沿”主题的一部分。
At the onset of vocal development, both songbirds and humans produce variable vocal babbling with broadly distributed acoustic features. Over development, these vocalizations differentiate into the well-defined, categorical signals that characterize adult vocal behaviour. A broadly distributed signal is ideal for vocal exploration, that is, for matching vocal production to the statistics of the sensory input. The developmental transition to categorical signals is a gradual process during which the vocal output becomes differentiated and stable. But does it require categorical input? We trained juvenile zebra finches with playbacks of their own developing song, produced just a few moments earlier, updated continuously over development. Although the vocalizations of these self-tutored (ST) birds were initially broadly distributed, birds quickly developed categorical signals, as fast as birds that were trained with a categorical, adult song template. By contrast, siblings of those birds that received no training (isolates) developed phonological categories much more slowly and never reached the same level of category differentiation as their ST brothers. Therefore, instead of simply mirroring the statistical properties of their sensory input, songbirds actively transform it into distinct categories. We suggest that the early self-generation of phonological categories facilitates the establishment of vocal culture by making the song easier to transmit at the micro level, while promoting stability of shared vocabulary at the group level over generations. This article is part of the themed issue ‘New frontiers for statistical learning in the cognitive sciences’.
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影响因子：
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