Muscle architecture of the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes):: perspectives for investigating chimpanzee behavior
Muscle architecture of the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes):: perspectives for investigating chimpanzee behavior
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DOI：
10.1007/s10329-005-0166-4
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Carlson, Kristian J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlson, Kristian J.
Thorpe等人（Am J Phys Anthropol 110：179199，1999）量化了黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）肌肉结构和关节力矩臂，以确定它们是否在功能上补偿了黑猩猩和人类之间的结构差异。他们观察到足够的差异，得出结论，肌肉骨骼特性不是补偿性的，并表明黑猩猩和人类并没有表现出动态相似的运动。这些研究人员的评估基于三只雄性黑猩猩的单侧肢体肌肉组织，他们称其中一只为非成年代表。年龄、性别和行为偏侧化等因素可能是黑猩猩肌肉结构变化的原因，但目前尚不清楚。虽然黑猩猩肌肉结构的变化，由于这些因素的全部程度不能与现有的数据进行评估，本研究扩大了黑猩猩数据集，并提供了这些因素的潜在相关性的初步一瞥。在两具黑猩猩尸体上评估了37个前肢和36个后肢肌肉：一个单侧（右侧肢体），一个双侧。质量，纤维长度，和生理横截面积（PCSA）报告的个别肌肉和肌肉群。成年雌性黑猩猩的肌肉组织在结构模式上与年轻雄性黑猩猩比与人类更相似，特别是在比较肌肉群时。年龄和性别相关的种内差异并不掩盖黑猩猩-人类种间差异。一只黑猩猩的侧边不对称，尽管前肢方向不对称，也没有超过黑猩猩与人类之间的差异。平均而言，左前肢肌肉通常比右前肢具有更高的质量和更长的纤维长度，而右前肢肌肉平均而言通常比左前肢具有更大的PCSA。大多数肌肉群从左前肢表现出更大的群众比右组，但组的不对称性是显着的，只有手动手指肌肉。在大多数比较中，后肢的不对称性小于前肢。对更多黑猩猩的研究将阐明个体间和个体内变异的全部范围。
Thorpe et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 110:179199, 1999) quantified chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) muscle architecture and joint moment arms to determine whether they functionally compensated for structural differences between chimpanzees and humans. They observed enough distinction to conclude that musculoskeletal properties were not compensatory and suggested that chimpanzees and humans do not exhibit dynamically similar movements. These investigators based their assessment on unilateral limb musculatures from three male chimpanzees, of which they called one non-adult representative. Factors such as age, sex, and behavioral lateralization may be responsible for variation in chimpanzee muscle architecture, but this is presently unknown. While the full extent of variation in chimpanzee muscle architecture due to such factors cannot be evaluated with data presently available, the present study expands the chimpanzee dataset and provides a preliminary glimpse of the potential relevance of these factors. Thirty-seven forelimb and 36 hind limb muscles were assessed in two chimpanzee cadavers: one unilaterally (right limbs), and one bilaterally. Mass, fiber length, and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) are reported for individual muscles and muscle groups. The musculature of an adult female is more similar in architectural patterns to a young male chimpanzee than to humans, particularly when comparing muscle groups. Age- and sex-related intraspecific differences do not obscure chimpanzee-human interspecific differences. Side asymmetry in one chimpanzee, despite consistent forelimb directional asymmetry, also does not exceed the magnitude of chimpanzee-human differences. Left forelimb muscles, on average, usually had higher masses and longer fiber lengths than right, while right forelimb muscles, on average, usually had greater PCSAs than left. Most muscle groups from the left forelimb exhibited greater masses than right groups, but group asymmetry was significant only for the manual digital muscles. The hind limb exhibited less asymmetry than the forelimb in most comparisons. Examination of additional chimpanzees would clarify the full range of inter- and intraindividual variation.