Neural activity associated with the passive prediction of ambiguity and risk for aversive events.
Neural activity associated with the passive prediction of ambiguity and risk for aversive events.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4578-08.2009
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发表时间：
2009-02-11
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dolan RJ
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文献类型：
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作者：
Bach DR;Seymour B;Dolan RJ
在经济决策中，结果用风险（具有一定概率的不确定结果）和模糊性（具有不确定概率的不确定结果）来描述。与风险相比，人类更讨厌模棱两可，因为有一种独特的神经系统可以调节这种影响。然而，还没有明确的消歧活动相关的决策本身的知觉加工的模糊性。在功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）实验中，我们将歧义（定义为缺乏关于结果概率的信息）与已知结果概率的风险或结果完全未知和不可知的无知进行了对比。我们修改了先前学习的巴甫洛夫CS+刺激，使它们成为一个模糊的线索，并将引起的大脑活动与未修改的预测性CS+（风险线索）和不传达结果概率信息的线索（无知线索）进行对比。与风险相比，模棱两可的线索在预期结果时引起额下回和后顶叶皮层的活动。此外，当模糊线索与无知线索进行比较时，类似的一组区域被激活。因此，先前显示的参与模棱两可的奖励结果决策的区域也参与了在厌恶结果背景下的模棱两可的结果预测。此外，即使没有做出实际的决定，这些区域也会被激活。我们的研究结果表明，当在结果预期过程中搜索隐藏信息既必要又有意义时，这些区域支持上下文分析的一般功能。
In economic decision making, outcomes are described in terms of risk (uncertain outcomes with certain probabilities) and ambiguity (uncertain outcomes with uncertain probabilities). Humans are more averse to ambiguity compared to risk with a distinct neural system suggested as mediating this effect. However, there has been no clear disambiguation of activity related to decisions themselves from perceptual processing of ambiguity. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment we contrasted ambiguity, defined as a lack of information about outcome probabilities, to risk where outcome probabilities are known or ignorance where outcomes are completely unknown and unknowable. We modified previously learned Pavlovian CS+ stimuli such that they became an ambiguous cue and contrasted evoked brain activity both with an unmodified predictive CS+ (risky cue), and a cue that conveyed no information about outcome probabilities (ignorance cue). Compared to risk, ambiguous cues elicited activity in posterior inferior frontal gyrus and posterior parietal cortex during outcome anticipation. Furthermore, a similar set of regions was activated when ambiguous cues were compared with ignorance cues. Thus, regions previously shown to be engaged by decisions about ambiguous rewarding outcomes are also engaged by ambiguous outcome prediction in the context of aversive outcomes. Moreover, activation in these regions was seen even when no actual decision is made. Our findings suggest that these regions subserve a general function of contextual analysis when search for hidden information during outcome anticipation is both necessary and meaningful.