Maladaptive avoidance patterns in Parkinson's disease are exacerbated by symptoms of depression.
Maladaptive avoidance patterns in Parkinson's disease are exacerbated by symptoms of depression.
复制标题
帕金森病的适应不良回避模式因抑郁症状而加剧。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112473
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Moustafa,AhmedA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sheynin,Jony;Baetu,Irina;Collins-Praino,LyndseyE;Myers,CatherineE;Winwood-Smith,Robyn;Moustafa,AhmedA
帕金森病（PD）是一种慢性进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征是黑质致密部多巴胺能神经元的丧失。鉴于多巴胺在学习和其他认知过程（如工作记忆）中起着至关重要的作用，PD患者的多巴胺缺失与学习异常和更普遍的认知功能障碍有关。然而，目前尚不清楚回避行为是否会影响PD。这是很重要的，因为这种类型的工具性行为在决策和情感（日）功能中都起着重要作用。因此，本研究的目的是使用基于计算机的任务来检查PD的回避学习和操作性消退。在这个任务中，参与者控制一艘宇宙飞船，并试图射击敌人的宇宙飞船来获得积分。他们还学会躲在安全区域，以避免（即避免）令人反感的事件（屏幕上的爆炸和失分）。结果显示，PD患者（N= 25）在厌恶期获得回避反应的程度与年龄匹配的健康对照组（N= 19）相同；然而，患者在与厌恶事件无关的安全时期表现出更大的隐藏，这可能代表回避反应的不适应泛化。此外，这种损害在消退阶段和报告抑郁程度较高的患者中更为明显。这些结果首次证明PD与不适应回避模式有关，这可能有助于该疾病中抑郁症的出现。
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Given that dopamine is critically involved in learning and other cognitive processes, such as working memory, dopamine loss in PD has been linked both to learning abnormalities and to cognitive dysfunction more generally in the disease. It is unclear, however, whether avoidance behavior is impacted in PD. This is significant, as this type of instrumental behavior plays an important role in both decision-making and emotional (dys) function. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to examine avoidance learning and operant extinction in PD using a computer-based task. On this task, participants control a spaceship and attempt to shoot an enemy spaceship to gain points. They also learn to hide in safe areas to protect from (i.e., avoid) aversive events (on-screen explosions and point loss). The results showed that patients with PD (N= 25) acquired an avoidance response during aversive periods to the same extent as healthy age-matched controls (N= 19); however, patients demonstrated greater hiding during safe periods not associated with aversive events, which could represent maladaptive generalization of the avoidance response. Furthermore, this impairment was more pronounced during the extinction phase, and in patients who reported higher levels of depression. These results demonstrate for the first time that PD is associated with maladaptive avoidance patterns, which could possibly contribute to the emergence of depression in the disease.