Herb layer extinction debt in highly fragmented temperate forests - Completely paid after 160 years?
Herb layer extinction debt in highly fragmented temperate forests - Completely paid after 160 years?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.004
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Naaf, Tobias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kolk, Jens;Naaf, Tobias
生境破碎化后植物物种的延迟灭绝是生态学中众所周知的现象。直到支付这种“灭绝债务”的松弛时间的长度（即，直到灭绝停止）取决于生态系统、物种组和破碎化程度。对草地生态系统的研究表明，当破碎化程度高时，破碎化后的植物灭绝会迅速发生。然而，缺乏对高度分散的森林中灭绝债务的研究。在这项研究中，我们评估了存在的灭绝债务在普里格尼茨，勃兰登堡，德国，94%的半天然森林已经消失自1780年以来。我们调查了104个森林斑块的草本层物种，并拟合了物种丰富度作为历史和现今斑块配置的函数。包括现今栖息地面积和连通性的模型比包括历史斑块配置变量的模型更好地解释了现今的物种丰富度。历史栖息地面积对现今物种丰富度没有显著影响。然而，历史补丁连接的丰富性与短距离扩散潜力的森林专家的影响是显着的，不包括现今的栖息地面积的模型和栖息地质量和异质性作为协变量。灭绝债务主要是在大约160年的放松时间后支付的，这与以前对温带森林的研究形成鲜明对比，这些研究发现灭绝债务在破碎化后持续了120-225年。我们表明，温带森林的灭绝债务可能会更快地还清，如果破碎化程度高。(C)2014作者爱思唯尔有限公司出版
The time-delayed extinction of plant species following habitat fragmentation is a well-known phenomenon in ecology. The length of the relaxation time until this 'extinction debt' is paid (i.e., until extinctions cease) depends on the ecosystem, species group and extent of fragmentation. Studies of grassland ecosystems have revealed that plant extirpations after fragmentation can occur rapidly when the degree of fragmentation is high. Studies of extinction debt in highly fragmented forests, however, are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the existence of an extinction debt in the Prignitz, Brandenburg, Germany, where 94% of the semi-natural forests have vanished since 1780. We surveyed the herb-layer species of 104 forest patches and fitted species richness as a function of the historical and present-day patch configurations. Models including the present-day habitat area and connectivity explained the present day species richness better than models including historical patch-configuration variables. There was no significant effect of the historical habitat area on the present day species richness. However, the effect of historical patch connectivity on the richness of forest specialists with short-distance dispersal potential was significant when excluding present-day habitat area from the models and habitat quality and heterogeneity were used as covariables. The extinction debt has largely been paid after approximately 160 years of relaxation time which contrasts with previous studies of temperate forests that have found extinction debts persisting 120-225 years after fragmentation. We demonstrate that extinction debts in temperate forests may be paid off more rapidly if the degree of fragmentation is high. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.