Environmental monitoring of pesticide residues from farms at a neighbouring primary and pre-school in the Western Cape in South Africa
Environmental monitoring of pesticide residues from farms at a neighbouring primary and pre-school in the Western Cape in South Africa
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.099
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
London, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dalvie, M. A.;Sosan, M. B.;London, L.
对南非西开普省开普敦郊区附近一个农场的儿童上学受到邻近葡萄园农药漂移影响的问题进行了调查。这项研究涉及一种前后对照的设计，测量邻近农场在施用农药活动之前和期间的环境暴露水平。于2010年9月至12月期间，在农场内的幼儿园及小学收集空气、尘埃及剪草样本，并采用多种农药方法进行农药测试，在不同样本中检测出11种不同的农药。其中六种化学品（硫丹、烯酰吗啉、戊菌唑、嘧菌环胺、啶酰菌胺和溴丙酯）已列入学校附近两个农场的喷洒计划，检测的时间和地点与农场使用情况基本一致。检测到的三种农药（毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯）是家庭应用中常用的药剂，一种（吡丙醚）用于宠物治疗剂。另一种检测到的杀虫剂醚菌酯可能来自该地区其他农场的漂移。除氯菊酯和氯氰菊酯外，空气中的除害剂浓度均低于每立方米0.1微克，而尘埃和草中的除害剂浓度亦低于每公斤0.1微克。研究结果证实除害剂有飘向校舍的情况，而这项研究所测得的除害剂浓度，一般较其他研究所测得的为低。建议进行定期监测，以跟踪减少漂移的遏制和缓解措施的有效性。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Concerns about pesticide drift from neighbouring vineyards affecting children attending school on a farm adjacent to an urban suburb of Cape Town, Western Cape in South Africa were investigated. The study involved a before-after design, measuring levels of environmental exposure before and during pesticide application activities on the neighbouring farms. Samples were collected in air, dust and grass cuttings at the preschool and primary school located on the farms during September-December in 2010 and tested for pesticides using multi-pesticide methods.Eleven different pesticides were detected in the various samples. Six of these chemicals (endosulfan, dimethomorph, penconazole, cyprodinil, boscalid and bromopropylate) were on the spraying schedules of the two farms neighbouring the schools and the timing and location of detection were generally consistent with farm application. Three pesticides detected (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, permethrin) are agents commonly used in household applications and one (pyriproxifen) is used in pet treatment agents. Kresoxim-methyl, the other pesticide detected, is likely to come from drift from other farms in the area. The concentration of pesticides was all lower than 0.1 mu g/m(3) in air and 0.1 mu g/kg in dust and grass apart from permethrin and cypermethrin.The findings confirm the presence of drift onto the school premises and concentrations found in this study were generally low in comparison to that detected in other studies. Regular monitoring to track the effectiveness of containment and mitigation measures that reduce drift is recommended. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.