Organellar stress intersects the astrocyte endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and nucleolus in HIV associated neurodegeneration.
Organellar stress intersects the astrocyte endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and nucleolus in HIV associated neurodegeneration.
复制标题
在 HIV 相关的神经变性中，细胞器应激与星形胶质细胞内质网、线粒体和核仁相交。
DOI：
10.1038/s41419-018-0341-3
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Ghorpade,Anuja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nooka,Shruthi;Ghorpade,Anuja
由于抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的成功，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）-1感染不再是死刑。HIV-1在感染的早期侵入中枢神经系统（CNS），并且从长远来看导致神经变性。尽管这些神经认知效应的严重程度在后ART时代显著降低，但轻度至中度的运动和认知障碍在HIV感染者中持续存在，这些障碍统称为HIV相关神经认知障碍（HAND）。在我们等待HIV治愈的同时，需要有效的预防性治疗来靶向持续存在于CNS中的HIV感染的间接病理机制，特别是对于沉默病毒产生并因此对ART具有抗性的细胞。HIV劫持宿主细胞内和细胞间通信高速公路，加剧神经发病机制。持续的低水平炎症和氧化应激导致许多神经系统疾病的病理损伤，包括与HIV相关的疾病。介导这些事件的主要CNS细胞类型之一是星形胶质细胞。因此，进一步的调查发现新的艾滋病病毒诱导的神经毒性机制在星形胶质细胞和他们的贡献HAND是及时的。真核细胞含有几个细胞内膜结合的细胞器具有专门的功能。内质网（ER），线粒体，细胞核，高尔基体等之间正在进行的对话是细胞功能的稳态和疾病的关键。鉴于最终所有人类疾病都具有细胞和/或分子基础，细胞应激反应和
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is no longer a death sentence given the success of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART). HIV-1 invades the central nervous system (CNS) early in infection and over the long run causes neurodegeneration. Despite the dramatic reductions in the severity of these neurocognitive effects in the post-ART era, mild to moderate motor and cognitive impairments persist in HIV-infected individuals that are collectively termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). While we await the HIV cure, effective adjunctive therapies are needed to target indirect pathological mechanisms of HIV infection that persists in the CNS, especially for cells that are silent for virus production and thus resistant to ART. HIV hijacks the host intracellular and intercellular communication highways, exacerbating neuropathogenesis. Persistent low-level inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to pathological damage in many neurological disorders, including those associated with HIV. One of the principal CNS cell types mediating these events are astrocytes. Thus, further investigations uncovering novel HIV-induced neurotoxic mechanisms in astrocytes and their contributions to HAND are timely.Eukaryotic cells contain several intracellular membranebound organelles with specialized functions. An ongoing dialog between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, nucleus, Golgi apparatus and others is pivotal for cellular function in both homeostasis and disease. Given that ultimately all human diseases have a cellular and/or molecular basis, cellular stress responses and