Practices and Principles: On the Methodological Turn in Political Theory
Practices and Principles: On the Methodological Turn in Political Theory
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实践与原则：论政治理论的方法论转向
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
Niklas Möller
中科院分区：
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作者：
Eva Erman;Niklas Möller
社会和政治实践在证明规范性原则的合理性方面应发挥何种作用的问题在后千年政治哲学中再次受到关注。当前的一些争论表达了对主流政治理论所采用的方法论的不满，采取了从“非理想”理论批评所谓的“理想理论”，从“实践依赖”理论批评“实践独立”理论，从“政治现实主义”批评“政治道德主义”的形式。虽然行动指导问题是这些担忧的核心，但批评者也有一些共同的方法论假设。最重要的是，他们的方法论是实践依赖的，因为现有的（社会的、政治的或制度的）实践被假定为对用于规范它的适当规范性原则施加了实质性的限制。换句话说，如果不首先理解这一原则应该支配的实践（或其要点和目的），我们就不能制定和证明一个适当的原则。本文的目的是绘制出并分析这些辩论的方法论承诺方面的共同因素。我们将研究如何理解和激励这种依赖实践的方法。我们特别指出，为了使这一地位保持独特和有吸引力，必须应对一些挑战。
The question of what role social and political practices should play in the justification of normative principles has received renewed attention in post-millennium political philosophy. Several current debates express dissatisfaction with the methodology adopted in mainstream political theory, taking the form of a criticism of so-called ‘ideal theory’ from ‘non-ideal’ theory, of ‘practice-independent’ theory from ‘practice-dependent’ theory, and of ‘political moralism’ from ‘political realism’. While the problem of action-guidance lies at the heart of these concerns, the critics also share a number of methodological assumptions. Above all, their methodology is practice-dependent in the sense that an existing (social, political, or institutional) practice is assumed to put substantial limitations on the appropriate normative principles for regulating it. In other words, we cannot formulate and justify an appropriate principle without first understanding the practice (or its point and purpose) this principle is supposed to govern. The aim of this paper is to map out and analyze the common denominators of these debates with regard to methodological commitments. We will investigate how this practice-dependent method may be understood and motivated. In particular, we point to challenges that must be met in order for the position to remain both distinct and attractive.