能源地缘政治与能源权力研究

The power game revolving around oil and gas resources remains the most prominent energy power struggle in the world today. However, the attributes of energy power vary in different eras, and so do the connotations of energy security and energy strategy. Based on a systematic review of energy geopolitics, this thesis puts forward the concept of energy power and elaborates on it from four aspects: the geopolitical pattern, the concept of energy security, the energy network, and global energy governance. The research holds that: ① The distribution of energy, the changes in production and sales spaces and the summary of their regularities are the core of traditional energy geopolitical research, and the imbalance in the geographical distribution of oil and gas resources is the most direct factor in the emergence of energy power. ② From the era of the oil crisis to the future new energy era, the difference in the concept of energy security is an important factor affecting the changes in international energy geopolitical power. ③ The commodity and geopolitical attributes of energy determine that energy trade is not only an economic act, and its spatial flow is closely related to international political relations. The separation of production and consumption makes trade control and corridor control in the secondary distribution process of oil and gas have an important impact on the reconstruction of energy power. ④ The tremendous changes in global energy power and the complex and intricate energy power network will trigger a new order in the global energy governance system. The main body of power has changed from states, international organizations, and multinational corporations to communities of interest in the global energy network, and the theme of energy governance has shifted from the interests of one country to the redistribution process of global energy power. Looking ahead, how to theoretically construct a theoretical system of energy power in the new era, and deepen the research on the evolution of world energy power under the influence of factors such as climate change and new energy, the interdependent relationship between geographical space and power, the reconstruction of power order and its effects, and the global energy governance mechanism and its governance model, is of great significance for the scientific understanding and judgment of the evolution of the world energy situation and energy strategy, and is also an important directional proposition in the study of energy geopolitics.

围绕油气资源的权力博弈仍然是当今世界最主要的能源权力争夺,但不同时代的能源权力的属性有所不同,能源安全与能源战略内涵也有所不同。论文在系统梳理能源地缘政治基础上,提出了能源权力的概念,并从地缘政治格局、能源安全观、能源网络和全球能源治理4个方面进行了具体阐述。研究认为:①以能源分布、产销空间变化及其规律性总结是传统能源地缘政治研究的核心,油气资源地理分布的不平衡性是能源权力产生的最直接因素。②从石油危机时代到未来新能源时代,能源安全观的不同是影响国际能源地缘政治权力变化的重要因素。③能源的商品属性和地缘属性决定了能源贸易不仅是经济行为,其空间的流动与国际政治关系密切。生产与消费的分离使得油气二次分配过程中的贸易控制和通道控制对能源权力重构产生重要影响。④全球能源权力巨变和复杂错综的能源权力网络将引发全球能源治理体系的新秩序。权力的主体从国家、国际组织、跨国公司转变为全球能源网络中利益共同体,能源治理的主题从一国之利益走向了全球能源权力的再分配过程。展望未来,如何在理论上建构新时代的能源权力的理论体系,深化气候变化和新能源等因素影响下的世界能源权力的演变、地理空间与权力的相互依赖关系、权力秩序的重构及其效应、全球能源治理机制及其治理模式等研究,对科学认知和研判世界能源形势与能源战略的演化具有重要的意义,也是能源地缘政治学研究的重要方向性命题。